Neuroscience

Whole genome CRISPR screens identify a LRRK2-regulated pathway for extracellular tau uptake by human neurons

1. Lewis D. Evans
2. Alessio Strano
3. Eleanor Tuck
4. Ashley Campbell
5. James Smith
6. Christy Hung
7. Tiana S. Behr
8. Bernardino Ghetti
9. Benjamin Ryskeldi-Falcon
10. Emre Karakoc
11. Francesco Iorio
12. Alastair Reith
13. Andrew R. Bassett
14. Frederick J. Livesey

Reviewed by Review Commons

Detecting Regime Shifts: Neurocomputational Substrates for Over- and Underreactions to Change

1. Mu-Chen Wang
2. George Wu
3. Shih-Wei Wu

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study provides valuable insights into the behavioral, computational, and neural mechanisms of regime shift detection, by identifying distinct roles for the frontoparietal network and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in sensitivity to signal diagnosticity and transition probabilities, respectively. The findings are supported by solid evidence, including an innovative task design, robust behavioral modeling, and well-executed model-based fMRI analyses, though claims of neural selectivity would benefit from more rigorous statistical comparisons. Overall, this work advances our understanding of how humans adapt belief updating in dynamic environments and offers a framework for exploring biases in decision-making under uncertainty.

Reviewed by eLife

Changes in large-scale neural networks under stress are linked to affective reactivity to stress in real life

1. Rayyan Tutunji
2. Martin Krentz
3. Nikos Kogias
4. Lycia de Voogd
5. Florian Krause
6. Eliana Vassena
7. Erno J Hermans

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study examines the effects of acute social stress on brain function, focusing on dynamic shifts in large-scale networks such as the salience and default mode networks. It highlights a robust association between stress-induced changes in salience network activation and stress reactivity in daily life, although evidence linking brain function changes following acute stress to real-life stress is incomplete. The findings are significant for stress biology research and could influence future studies on stress responses.

Reviewed by eLife

Cortical tracking of hierarchical rhythms orchestrates the multisensory processing of biological motion

1. Li Shen
2. Shuo Li
3. Yuhao Tian
4. Ying Wang
5. Yi Jiang

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  Wang et al. presented visual (dot) motion and/or the sound of a walking person and found solid evidence that EEG activity tracks the step rhythm, as well as the gait (2-step cycle) rhythm, with some demonstration that the gait rhythm is tracked superadditively (power for A+V condition is higher than the sum of the A-only and V-only condition). The valuable findings will be of wide interest to those examining biological motion perception and oscillatory processes more broadly.

Reviewed by eLife

Sleep need driven oscillation of glutamate synaptic phenotype

1. Kaspar E Vogt
2. Ashwinikumar Kulkarni
3. Richa Pandey
4. Mantre Dehnad
5. Genevieve Konopka
6. Robert W Greene

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study showing that sleep deprivation increases functional synapses while depleting silent synapses supports previous findings that excitatory signaling increases during wakefulness. This manuscript focuses in particular on AMPA/NMDA ratios. An interesting, although speculative, aspect of the manuscript is the inclusion of a model for the accumulation of sleep needs that is based upon the MEF2C transcription factor but also links to the sleep-regulating SIK3-HDAC4/5 pathway. The authors have clarified some questions raised in the previous review, rendering this a solid piece of work that poses questions for future studies.

Reviewed by eLife

Dual-color optical activation and suppression of neurons with high temporal precision

1. Noëmie Mermet-Joret
2. Andrea Moreno
3. Agnieszka Zbela
4. Milad Nazari
5. Bárður Eyjólfsson Ellendersen
6. Raquel Comaposada Baro
7. Nathalie Krauth
8. Anne von Philipsborn
9. Andreas Toft Sørensen
10. Joaquin Piriz
11. John Yu-luen Lin
12. Sadegh Nabavi

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study develops useful tools for distinct optogenetic control of neuronal activity by red or blue light. The basic characterization of the activation of a red-shifted channelrhodopsin paired with a blue-light sensitive anion channel engineered to obtain desired inhibitory current kinetics is solid. However, evidence for their practical use under simultaneous multi-color or high frequency stimulation in cells are missing.

Reviewed by eLife

Cortico-striatal action control inherent of opponent cognitive-motivational styles

1. Cassandra Avila
2. Martin Sarter

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This valuable manuscript investigated the role of glutamate signaling in the dorsomedial striatum of rats in a treadmill-based task and reported that it differs in goal-trackers compared to sign-trackers in a way that corresponds to differences in behaviour. The evidence supporting these claims is solid but could be further strengthened by adding more analyses and more detailed descriptions of current analyses. These findings will primarily be of interest to behavioural neuroscientists.

Reviewed by eLife

A Deep Learning Pipeline for Mapping in situ Network-level Neurovascular Coupling in Multi-photon Fluorescence Microscopy

1. Matthew Rozak
2. James Mester
3. Ahmadreza Attarpour
4. Adrienne Dorr
5. Shruti Patel
6. Margaret Koletar
7. Mary Hill
8. JoAnne McLaurin
9. Maged Goubran
10. Bojana Stefanovic

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study describes a highly complex automated algorithm for analyzing vascular imaging data from two-photon microscopy. The proposed tool has the potential to be extremely valuable to the field and to fill gaps in knowledge of hemodynamic activity across a regional network. The biological application provided, however, has several problems that make many of the scientific claims in the paper incomplete.

Reviewed by eLife

Annihilation of action potentials induces electrical coupling between neurons

1. Moritz Schloetter
2. Georg U Maret
3. Christoph J Kleineidam

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study enhances our understanding of ephaptic interactions by utilizing earthworm recordings to refine a general model and use it to predict ephaptic influences across various synaptic configurations. The integration of experimental evidence, a robust mathematical framework and computer simulations convincingly demonstrate the effects of action potential propagation and collision properties on nearby membranes. The study will interest both computational neuroscientists and physiologists.

Reviewed by eLife

Maintenance of neuronal TDP-43 expression requires axonal lysosome transport

1. Veronica H. Ryan
2. Sydney Lawton
3. Joel F. Reyes
4. James Hawrot
5. Ashley M. Frankenfield
6. Sahba Seddighi
7. Daniel M. Ramos
8. Jacob Epstein
9. Faraz Faghri
10. Nicholas L. Johnson
11. Jizhong Zou
12. Martin Kampmann
13. John Replogle
14. Yue A. Qi
15. Hebao Yuan
16. Kory R. Johnson
17. Dragan Maric
18. Ling Hao
19. Mike A. Nalls
20. Michael E. Ward

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  In this important manuscript, Ryan et al perform a genome-wide CRISPR based screen to identify genes that modulate TDP-43 levels in neurons. They identify a number of genes and pathways and highlight the BORC complex, which is required for anterograde lysosome transport as one such regulator of TDP-43 protein levels. Overall, this is a convincing study, which opens the door for additional future investigations on the regulation of TDP-43.

Reviewed by PREreview, eLife