Immunology

NAD+ prevents septic shock-induced death by non-canonical inflammasome blockade and IL-10 cytokine production in macrophages

1. Jasper Iske
2. Rachid El Fatimy
3. Yeqi Nian
4. Amina Ghouzlani
5. Siawosh K Eskandari
6. Hector Rodriguez Cetina Biefer
7. Anju Vasudevan
8. Abdallah Elkhal

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  In this valuable contribution, the authors demonstrate that the infusion of NAD+ may prevent death and reduce disease severity from lethal experimental bacterial sepsis, possibly through inflammasome inhibition, without reducing bacterial load. They provide solid evidence for these protective effects of NAD+, though the precise mechanisms involved remain unclear and need further support and elucidation. The core findings may well have clinical implications but, in addition to mechanistic clarifications, contextualised interpretation as metabolic adaptation to sepsis would create wider interest.

Reviewed by eLife

Ym1 protein crystals promote type 2 immunity

1. Ines Heyndrickx
2. Kim Deswarte
3. Kenneth Verstraete
4. Koen HG Verschueren
5. Ursula Smole
6. Helena Aegerter
7. Ann Dansercoer
8. Hamida Hammad
9. Savvas N Savvides
10. Bart N Lambrecht

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This is an important and interesting account of the ability of Ym1 crystals to promote type 2 immunity in vivo, in mice. The data presented are compelling, building on and significantly advancing evidence this group has previously published on the type 2 immunogenicity of other protein crystals. The work will be of relevant interest to immunologists and researchers working on type 2 inflammatory disease, in the lung and in others tissues.

Reviewed by eLife

Leucine alleviates cytokine storm syndrome by regulating macrophage polarization via the mTORC1/LXRα signaling pathway

1. Hui Yan
2. Yao Liu
3. Xipeng Li
4. Bing Yu
5. Jun He
6. Xiangbing Mao
7. Jie Yu
8. Zhiqing Huang
9. Yuheng Luo
10. Junqiu Luo
11. Aimin Wu
12. Daiwen Chen

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  The study has added value to what we have already known in the potential pharmacological immunomodulatory therapies in LPS-induced sepsis, and especially the use of oral leucine might be of great interest to the readers engaged in this field. We believe this study is important and provides solid evidence on the potential use of leucine in sepsis.

Reviewed by eLife

IL-27 maintains cytotoxic Ly6C ⁺ γδ T cells that arise from immature precursors

1. Robert Wiesheu
2. Sarah C. Edwards
3. Ann Hedley
4. Marie Tosolini
5. Marcelo Gregorio Filho Fares da Silva
6. Nital Sumaria
7. Yasmin Optaczy
8. David G. Hill
9. Alan J. Hayes
10. Jodie Hay
11. Anna Kilbey
12. Alison M. Michie
13. Gerard J. Graham
14. Anand Manoharan
15. Christina Halsey
16. Gareth W. Jones
17. Karen Blyth
18. Jean-Jacques Fournie
19. Daniel J. Pennington
20. Vasileios Bekiaris
21. Seth B. Coffelt

Reviewed by Review Commons

Antiviral innate immune memory in alveolar macrophages following SARS-CoV-2 infection

1. Alexander Lercher
2. Jin-Gyu Cheong
3. Chenyang Jiang
4. Hans-Heinrich Hoffmann
5. Alison W. Ashbrook
6. Yue S. Yin
7. Corrine Quirk
8. Emma J. DeGrace
9. Luis Chiriboga
10. Brad R. Rosenberg
11. Steven Z. Josefowicz
12. Charles M. Rice

Reviewed by PREreview

DNA damage signaling in Drosophila macrophages modulates systemic cytokine levels in response to oxidative stress

1. Fabian Hersperger
2. Tim Meyring
3. Pia Weber
4. Chintan Chhatbar
5. Gianni Monaco
6. Marc S Dionne
7. Katrin Paeschke
8. Marco Prinz
9. Olaf Groß
10. Anne-Kathrin Classen
11. Katrin Kierdorf

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This study elucidates the role of a specific hemocyte subpopulation in oxidative damage response by establishing connections between DNA damage response and the JNK-JAK/STAT axis to regulate energy metabolism. The identification of this distinct hemocyte subpopulation through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis and the finding of hemocytes that respond to oxidative stress are important. The method for single-cell RNA sequencing and related analyses are convincing and experiments linking oxidative stress to DNA damage and energy expenditure are solid. The finding of stress-responsive immune cells capable of influencing whole-body metabolism adds insights for cell biologists and developmental biologists in the fields of immunology and metabolism.

Reviewed by eLife

Commensal bacteria maintain a Qa-1b-restricted unconventional CD8+ T population in gut epithelium

1. Jian Guan
2. J David Peske
3. Michael Manoharan Valerio
4. Chansu Park
5. Ellen A Robey
6. Scheherazade Sadegh-Nasseri

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This is an important study that investigates the role of commensal microbes and molecules in the antigen presentation pathway affecting the development and phenotype of an unusual population of T lymphocytes. The authors provide compelling evidence to identify a population of unconventional T cells that exist in the small intestinal epithelium, which appear to depend on commensal microbes, and show that a single commensal microbe (that encodes an antigen capable of weakly stimulating these cells) is sufficient to maintain this T cell population.

Reviewed by eLife

WASP facilitates tumor mechanosensitivity in T lymphocytes

1. Srishti Mandal
2. Mariane Melo
3. Pavlo Gordiichuk
4. Sayanti Acharya
5. Yeh-Chuin Poh
6. Na Li
7. Aereas Aung
8. Eric L. Dane
9. Darrell J. Irvine
10. Sudha Kumari

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This valuable study employs a diverse array of techniques encompassing cell biological manipulations, biophysical measurements, and mouse models to elucidate the impact of target cell stiffness on CD8+ cytotoxic T cell activation, with a particular focus on the actin nucleator protein WASP. The finding that WASP is essential for the stiffness-dependent phosphorylation of ZAP70 in CD8 T cells is convincing. However, the data regarding the role of WASP in mechanosensing within CD8 T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity is incomplete and would benefit from a more rigorous study design. This work would be of interest to cell biologists and investigators studying mechanosensing within the immune system.

Reviewed by eLife

Pulsed ultrasound promotes secretion of anti-inflammatory extracellular vesicles from skeletal myotubes via elevation of intracellular calcium level

1. Atomu Yamaguchi
2. Noriaki Maeshige
3. Hikari Noguchi
4. Jiawei Yan
5. Xiaoqi Ma
6. Mikiko Uemura
7. Dongming Su
8. Hiroyo Kondo
9. Kristopher Sarosiek
10. Hidemi Fujino

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This study illuminates the effects of ultrasound-induced extracellular vesicle interactions with macrophages. It provides solid data offering insights that will be potentially useful in exploring therapeutic approaches to inflammation modulation, by suggesting that ultrasound-treated myotube vesicles can suppress macrophage inflammatory responses.

Reviewed by eLife

Molecular features underlying differential SHP1/SHP2 binding of immune checkpoint receptors

1. Xiaozheng Xu
2. Takeya Masubuchi
3. Qixu Cai
4. Yunlong Zhao
5. Enfu Hui

Reviewed by Review Commons