Immunology

Catalytic activity and autoprocessing of murine caspase-11 mediate noncanonical inflammasome assembly in response to cytosolic LPS

1. Daniel C Akuma
2. Kimberly A Wodzanowski
3. Ronit Schwartz Wertman
4. Patrick M Exconde
5. Víctor R Vázquez Marrero
6. Chukwuma E Odunze
7. Daniel Grubaugh
8. Sunny Shin
9. Cornelius Taabazuing
10. Igor E Brodsky

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  Brodsky and colleagues report here an unexpected cis-activation mechanism of caspase-11. The authors use cellular imaging methods and cleavage site mutants to show that the LPS-induced speck formation by caspase-11 depends on the autoprocessing between two subdomains. This new finding opens multiple doors for further investigating how this non-canonical inflammasome is regulated and activated at the molecular level.

Reviewed by eLife

Fatty acid synthesis promotes inflammasome activation through NLRP3 palmitoylation

1. Stuart Leishman
2. Najd M. Aljadeed
3. Liyunhe Qian
4. Shamshad Cockcroft
5. Jacques Behmoaras
6. Paras K. Anand

Reviewed by Arcadia Science

Concurrent Administration of COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccines Enhances Spike-Specific Antibody Responses

1. Susanna E Barouch
2. Taras M Chicz
3. Ross Blanc
4. Domenic R Barbati
5. Lily J Parker
6. Xin Tong
7. Wenjun Li
8. Ryan P McNamara

Reviewed by PREreview

Sustained store-operated calcium entry utilizing activated chromatin state leads to instability in iTregs

1. Huiyun Lyu
2. Guohua Yuan
3. Xinyi Liu
4. Xiaobo Wang
5. Shuang Geng
6. Tie Xia
7. Xuyu Zhou
8. Yinqing Li
9. Xiaoyu Hu
10. Yan Shi

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This study presents the valuable finding that sustained calcium signaling in induced-Treg (iTreg) cells can lead to the loss of Foxp3 expression and iTreg identity by altering the chromatin landscape. The evidence supporting the claims of the authors is convincing. The work will be of interest to immunologists working on Treg cell therapy.

Reviewed by eLife

Apoptotic signaling clears engineered Salmonella in an organ-specific manner

1. Taylor J Abele
2. Zachary P Billman
3. Lupeng Li
4. Carissa K Harvest
5. Alexia K Bryan
6. Gabrielle R Magalski
7. Joseph P Lopez
8. Heather N Larson
9. Xiao-Ming Yin
10. Edward A Miao

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  Host cell death is an effective strategy to protect against infection, and is believed to function primarily by the elimination of the intracellular niche for pathogen replication. Abele and colleagues address an important question: does the mode of cell death affect its effectiveness in pathogen clearance? Consistent with prior observations, the authors provide compelling new evidence that the answer can depend on the cell type and/or tissue involved.

Reviewed by eLife

CTLA-4 antibody-drug conjugate reveals autologous destruction of B-lymphocytes associated with regulatory T cell impairment

1. Musleh M Muthana
2. Xuexiang Du
3. Mingyue Liu
4. Xu Wang
5. Wei Wu
6. Chunxia Ai
7. Lishan Su
8. Pan Zheng
9. Yang Liu

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This valuable study presents presents solid evidence that an anti-CTLA-4 antibody drug conjugate transiently depletes circulating B cells in a mouse model, showing how dysregulation of the T cell immune system can impact B cell homeostasis. The work will be of broad interest to immunologists and medical biologists, but a major limitation is that the mechanism of B-cell reduction remains unclear, as evidence of killing of B-cells by T-cells is not presented.

Reviewed by eLife

Regulation of pDC fate determination by histone deacetylase 3

1. Yijun Zhang
2. Tao Wu
3. Zhimin He
4. Wenlong Lai
5. Xiangyi Shen
6. Jiaoyan Lv
7. Yuanhao Wang
8. Li Wu

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This study examines the expression of HDAC3 within DC compartment. Taking advantage of tamoxifen inducible ERT2-cre mouse model they observe the dependency of pDCs but not cDCs on HDAC3. The requirement of this histone modifier appears to occur during development around the CLP stage. Tamoxifen treated mice lack almost all pDC besides lymphoid progenitors. RNA seq studies identify multiple DC specific target genes within the remaining pDC - using Cut and Tag technology they validate some of the identified targets of HDAC3. Taken together, this study shows the requirement of HDAC3 on pDC but not cDC, congruent with the recent findings of a lymphoid origin of pDC.

Reviewed by eLife

H2-O deficiency promotes regulatory T cell differentiation and CD4 T cell hyperactivity

1. Robin A. Welsh
2. Nianbin Song
3. Chan-Su Park
4. J. David Peske
5. Scheherazade Sadegh-Nasseri

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This paper seeks to understand how the presentation of peptides by medullary thymic epithelial cells may be regulated by the MHCII peptide loading modulator, H2-O, and how this may affect the selection of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Further work is needed to ensure that the findings are robust: currently the analysis of data is inadequate and inconsistencies in the reported findings are not placed in context with results from other groups. The current version does not provide sufficient support for the claims regarding the effects on Treg cell selection.

Reviewed by eLife

De novo fatty-acid synthesis protects invariant NKT cells from cell death, thereby promoting their homeostasis and pathogenic roles in airway hyperresponsiveness

1. Jaemoon Koh
2. Yeon Duk Woo
3. Hyun Jung Yoo
4. Jun-Pyo Choi
5. Sae Hoon Kim
6. Yoon-Seok Chang
7. Kyeong Cheon Jung
8. Ji Hyung Kim
9. Yoon Kyung Jeon
10. Hye Young Kim
11. Doo Hyun Chung

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  The study's results offer a fundamental insight into how ACC1-mediated fatty-acid synthesis affects the survival and pathogenicity of iNKT cells in allergic asthma. The inclusion of mouse models, involving genetic adjustments and reconstitution experiments, along with the disparities found in iNKT cells between allergic asthma patients and control subjects in human studies, adds compelling evidence that substantiates these findings.

Reviewed by eLife

NAD+ metabolism is a key modulator of bacterial respiratory epithelial infections

1. Björn Klabunde
2. André Wesener
3. Wilhelm Bertrams
4. Isabell Beinborn
5. Nicole Paczia
6. Kristin Surmann
7. Sascha Blankenburg
8. Jochen Wilhelm
9. Javier Serrania
10. Kèvin Knoops
11. Eslam M. Elsayed
12. Katrin Laakmann
13. Anna Lena Jung
14. Andreas Kirschbaum
15. Sven Hammerschmidt
16. Belal Alshaar
17. Nicolas Gisch
18. Mobarak Abu Mraheil
19. Anke Becker
20. Uwe Völker
21. Evelyn Vollmeister
22. Birke J. Benedikter
23. Bernd Schmeck

Reviewed by preLights