Immunology

Acquisition of an immunosuppressive microenvironment after CAR-T therapy drives T-cell dysfunction and resistance

1. Marianna Ponzo
2. Lorenzo Drufuca
3. Chiara Buracchi
4. Marco M. Sindoni
5. Silvia Nucera
6. Cristina Bugarin
7. Ramona Bason
8. Grazisa Rossetti
9. Raoul Bonnal
10. Cristian Meli
11. Benedetta Rambaldi
12. Federico Lussana
13. Silvia Ferrari
14. Alex Moretti
15. Giulia Risca
16. Christian Pellegrino
17. Markus G. Manz
18. Stefania Galimberti
19. Alessandro Rambaldi
20. Giuseppe Gaipa
21. Andrea Biondi
22. Massimiliano Pagani
23. Chiara F. Magnani

Reviewed by PREreview

T3SS translocon induces pyroptosis by direct interaction with NLRC4/NAIP inflammasome

1. Yan Zhao
2. Hanshuo Zhu
3. Jinqian Li
4. Hang Xu
5. Li Sun

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study shows that Type 3 secretion translocons in Edwardsiella tarda and other bacteria activate the NAIP-NLRC4 inflammasome. The data from cellular and biochemical experiments showing that EseB is required for activation of the NLRC4 inflammasome are convincing. This paper is broadly relevant to those investigating host-pathogen interactions in diverse organisms.

Reviewed by eLife

A VgrG2b fragment cleaved by caspase-11/4 promotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection through suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome

1. Yan Qian
2. Qiannv Liu
3. Xiangyun Cheng
4. Chunlei Wang
5. Chun Kong
6. Mengqian Li
7. Chao Ren
8. Dong Jiang
9. Shuo Wang
10. Pengyan Xia

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This valuable study on Pseudomonas subverting host immunity identifies a new immune evasion strategy. There is solid evidence for the cleavage of VgrG2B by Caspase 11 and the generation of fragments that inhibit activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome. This work should be of interest to immunologists and microbiologists.

Reviewed by eLife

Interleukin-1 prevents SARS-CoV-2-induced membrane fusion to restrict viral transmission via induction of actin bundles

1. Xu Zheng
2. Shi Yu
3. Yanqiu Zhou
4. Kuai Yu
5. Yuhui Gao
6. Mengdan Chen
7. Dong Duan
8. Yunyi Li
9. Xiaoxian Cui
10. Jiabin Mou
11. Yuying Yang
12. Xun Wang
13. Min Chen
14. Yaming Jiu
15. Jincun Zhao
16. Guangxun Meng

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study provides important insights into how IL-1 cytokines protect cells against SARS-CoV-2 infection. By inducing a non-canonical RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway, IL-1beta inhibits the ability of SARS-CoV-2 infected cells to fuse with uninfected cells and produce syncytia. Convincing evidence underlies the identification of the key signaling components required for this inhibitory phenotype, and suggests that this process may also function to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo.

Reviewed by eLife

Plasmacytoid dendritic cell sensing of hepatitis E virus is shaped by both viral and host factors

1. Garima Joshi
2. Elodie Décembre
3. Jacques Brocard
4. Claire Montpellier
5. Martin Ferrié
6. Omran Allatif
7. Ann-Kathrin Mehnert
8. Johann Pons
9. Delphine Galiana
10. Viet Loan Dao Thi
11. Nolwenn Jouvenet
12. Laurence Cocquerel
13. Marlène Dreux

Reviewed by Review Commons

A protein kinase A-regulated centrosomal actin pool sets the threshold for T cell polarization

1. Morgane Simao
2. Fabienne Régnier
3. Clotilde Randriamampita

Reviewed by Review Commons

The Human Mitochondrial Genome Encodes for an Interferon-Responsive Host Defense Peptide

1. Michelle C Rice
2. Maria Imun
3. Sang Wun Jung
4. Chan Yoon Park
5. Jessica S Kim
6. Rochelle W Lai
7. Casey R Barr
8. Jyung Mean Son
9. Kathleen Tor
10. Emmeline Kim
11. Ryan J Lu
12. Ilana Cohen
13. Bérénice A Benayoun
14. Changhan Lee

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This valuable study presents findings on the mode of action of MOTS-c (mitochondrial open reading frame from the twelve S rRNA type-c), and its impact on monocyte-derived macrophages. The authors present solid evidence for its increased expression in stimulated monocytes/macrophages, its direct bactericidal functions, as well as its role in the modulation of monocyte differentiation into macrophages. Since most of the data were generated from a cell line (THP1), future work is required to validate observations in primary cells and to further support the claims of this work.

Reviewed by eLife

Early and delayed STAT1-dependent responses drive local trained immunity of macrophages in the spleen

1. Aryeh Solomon
2. Noa Bossel Ben-Moshe
3. Dotan Hoffman
4. Sébastien Trzebanski
5. Dror Yehezkel
6. Leia Vainman
7. Mihai G Netea
8. Roi Avraham

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important work advances our understanding of the contribution of tissue-resident immune cells to trained immunity phenotypes. The evidence supporting the claims is convincing, with results that will be of interest to immunologists and scientists studying the host-pathogen interface.

Reviewed by eLife

Role of hepatocyte RIPK1 in maintaining liver homeostasis during metabolic challenges

1. Weigao Zhang
2. Hu Liu
3. Danyang Zhang
4. Yuguo Yi
5. Liang Tao
6. Yunfeng Zhu
7. Shuxian Huang
8. Xunan Zhao
9. Qianchao Shao
10. Peiqi Li
11. Yiwen Weng
12. Wei Lu
13. Jianfa Zhang
14. Haibing Zhang
15. Yuxin Chen
16. Dan Weng

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study provides insights into the physiological role of RIPK1 in liver physiology, particularly during short-term fasting. The discovery that RIPK1 deficiency sensitizes the liver to acute injury and hepatocyte apoptosis is based on convincing evidence, highlighting the importance of RIPK1 in maintaining liver homeostasis under metabolic stress. The work will be of relevance to anyone studying liver pathologies.

Reviewed by eLife

SICKO: Systematic Imaging of Caenorhabditis Killing Organisms

1. Luis S Espejo
2. Samuel Freitas
3. Vanessa Hofschneider
4. Leah Chang
5. Angelo Antenor
6. Jonah Balsa
7. Anne Haskins
8. Destiny DeNicola
9. Hope Dang
10. Sage Hamming
11. Delaney Kelser
12. George L Sutphin

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This work describes a valuable method, SICKO, for real-time longitudinal quantification of bacterial colonization in the gut of individual C. elegans. The authors present convincing evidence to support the validity of the approach. SICKO provides an experimental framework that will enable progress in our understanding of host-microbe interactions.

Reviewed by eLife