Immunology

Secreted phospholipase PLA2G12A-driven lysophospholipid signaling via lipolytic modification of extracellular vesicles facilitates pathogenic Th17 differentiation

1. Chika Mochizuki
2. Yoshitaka Taketomi
3. Atsushi Irie
4. Kuniyuki Kano
5. Yuki Nagasaki
6. Yoshimi Miki
7. Takashi Ono
8. Yasumasa Nishito
9. Takahiro Nakajima
10. Yuri Tomabechi
11. Kazuharu Hanada
12. Mikako Shirouzu
13. Takashi Watanabe
14. Kosuke Hata
15. Yoshihiro Izumi
16. Takeshi Bamba
17. Jerold Chun
18. Kai Kudo
19. Ai Kotani
20. Yusuke Endo
21. Junken Aoki
22. Makoto Murakami

Reviewed by Arcadia Science

Evaluation of tick salivary and midgut extracellular vesicles as anti-tick vaccines in White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

1. Julia Gonzalez
2. Cristina Harvey
3. Cárita de Souza Ribeiro-Silva
4. Brenda Leal-Galvan
5. Kelly A. Persinger
6. Pia U. Olafson
7. Tammi L. Johnson
8. Adela Oliva Chavez

Reviewed by Arcadia Science

Terminal tracheal cells of Drosophila are immune privileged to maintain their Foxo-dependent structural plasticity

1. Judith Bossen
2. Reshmi Raveendran
3. Jingjing He
4. Thomas Roeder

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This is a valuable report of tracheal terminal cells (TTCs) in Drosophila being immune privileged. The authors demonstrated that TTCs lack the expression of membrane-associated peptidoglycan recognition receptor PGRP-LC, which protects these cells from activating immune pathway or JNK-mediated cell death to maintain TTC homeostasis. While genetic experiments using RNAi and overexpression are mostly convincing, the data on the expression of PGRP-LCx and cell death phenotypes following immune activation are currently incomplete. The work will be of interest to researchers in innate immunity across various model systems.

Reviewed by eLife

Neurotrophic factor Neuritin modulates T cell electrical and metabolic state for the balance of tolerance and immunity

1. Hong Yu
2. Hiroshi Nishio
3. Joseph Barbi
4. Marisa Mitchell-Flack
5. Paolo DA Vignali
6. Ying Zheng
7. Andriana Lebid
8. Kwang-Yu Chang
9. Juan Fu
10. Makenzie Higgins
11. Ching-Tai Huang
12. Xuehong Zhang
13. Zhiguang Li
14. Lee Blosser
15. Ada Tam
16. Charles Drake
17. Drew Pardoll

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The neurotrophic factor Neuritin can moderate T-cell tolerance and immunity through both regulatory T (Treg) and effector T cells, promoting Treg cell expansion and suppression while dampening effector T cells to mediate the inflammatory response. Neuritin expression influences the membrane potential, ion channels, and nutrient transporter expression patterns of CD4+ T cells, contributing to differential metabolic states in Treg and effector T cells. These findings are solid and important for understanding immune regulation involving Treg cells and effector T cells.

Reviewed by eLife

Macrophages redeploy functional cancer cell surface proteins following phagocytosis

1. Regan F. Volk
2. Sara W. Casebeer
3. Andrew C. Condon
4. Bahar Zirak
5. Nayelis Manon
6. Iryna Irkliyenko
7. Huajun Liao
8. Shao Tao
9. Tommaso Pollini
10. Vijay Ramani
11. Ajay V. Maker
12. Trevor Fidler
13. Hani Goodarzi
14. Balyn W. Zaro

Reviewed by PREreview

Spatial and temporal coordination of Duox/TrpA1/Dh31 and IMD pathways is required for the efficient elimination of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine of Drosophila larvae

1. Fatima Tleiss
2. Martina Montanari
3. Romane Milleville
4. Olivier Pierre
5. Julien Royet
6. Dani Osman
7. Armel Gallet
8. C Leopold Kurz

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This article describes a novel mechanism allows Drosophila to combat enteric pathogens while also preserving the beneficial indigenous microbiota. The authors provide compelling evidence that oral infection of Drosophila larvae by pathogenic bacteria activate a valve that traps the intruders in the anterior midgut, allowing them to be killed by antimicrobial peptides. This is an important finding revealing a new mechanism of host defense in the gut of insects.

Reviewed by eLife

Heparan sulphate binding controls in vivo half-life of the HpARI protein family

1. Florent Colomb
2. Abhishek Jamwal
3. Adefunke Ogunkanbi
4. Tania Frangova
5. Alice R Savage
6. Sarah Kelly
7. Gavin J Wright
8. Matthew K Higgins
9. Henry J McSorley

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study uses in vitro and in vivo methods to identify HpARI proteins from H. polygyrus as modulators of the host immune system. The data from comprehensive approaches for investigating differential roles of HpARI proteins are convincing. This paper is relevant to those who investigate host-pathogen interactions at the systems and molecular levels.

Reviewed by eLife

One N-glycan regulates natural killer cell antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and modulates Fc γ receptor IIIa/CD16a structure

1. Paul G Kremer
2. Elizabeth A Lampros
3. Allison M Blocker
4. Adam W Barb

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study explores the mechanistic link between glycosylation at the N162 site of the Fc gamma receptor FcγRIIIa and the modulation of NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. Using innovative isotope labeling strategies and advanced NMR spectroscopy techniques, the authors provide compelling evidence of how glycan composition influences receptor stability and immune function. These findings offer fundamental insights that may contribute to the development of more effective therapeutic antibodies. The manuscript will be of significant interest to immunologists and researchers focused on therapeutic antibody design.

Reviewed by eLife

PRR adjuvants restrain high stability peptides presentation on APCs

1. Bin Li
2. Jin Zhang
3. Taojun He
4. Hanmei Yuan
5. Hui Wu
6. Peng Wang
7. Chao Wu

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study provides interesting insights into the mechanisms of action of adjuvants. It shows that adjuvants, MPLA and CpG especially, modulate the peptide repertoires presented on the surface of antigen presenting cells, and surprisingly, adjuvant favored the presentation of low-stability peptides rather than high-stability peptides by antigen presenting cells. As a result, the low stability peptide presented in adjuvant groups elicits T cell response effectively. Evidence in support of these conclusions is solid, and this paper would be of interest to vaccinologists and immunologists.

Reviewed by eLife

Heat Shock Factor Regulation of Antimicrobial Peptides Expression Suggests a Conserved Defense Mechanism Induced by Febrile Temperature in Arthropods

1. Bang Xiao
2. Shihan Chen
3. Yue Wang
4. Xuzheng Liao
5. Jianguo He
6. Chaozheng Li

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study reports an important finding on the mechanism underlying the enhancement of anti-viral immune responses by febrile temperatures, especially the role of the conserved heat-shock factor, HSF-1. The data provide compelling support for the authors' model wherein increased temperature in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei activates HSF1, which in turn enhances anti-viral response via up-regulation of the nSWD protein and antibacterial peptides. The work, which will be of interest to virologists, immunologists, and cell biologists, would benefit from more discussion of the function and roles of HSF-1 at 25°C vs. 32°C.

Reviewed by eLife