Immunology

Nanograms of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein delivered by exosomes induce potent neutralization of both delta and omicron variants

1. Mafalda Cacciottolo
2. Yujia Li
3. Justin B. Nice
4. Michael J. LeClaire
5. Ryan Twaddle
6. Ciana L. Mora
7. Stephanie Y. Adachi
8. Meredith Young
9. Jenna Angeles
10. Kristi Elliott
11. Minghao Sun

Reviewed by PREreview

The lncRNA Malat1 inhibits miR-15/16 to enhance cytotoxic T cell activation and memory cell formation

1. Benjamin D Wheeler
2. John D Gagnon
3. Wandi S Zhu
4. Priscila Muñoz-Sandoval
5. Simon K Wong
6. Dimitre S Simeonov
7. Zhongmei Li
8. Rachel DeBarge
9. Matthew H Spitzer
10. Alexander Marson
11. K Mark Ansel

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This is an important study that revealed a new noncoding RNA regulatory circuit involved in T cell function. The authors provide compelling evidence, that is more rigorous than the state-of-the-art, using genetically engineered mice and cell-based experiments. The interpretation of the results should be tempered due to the small effect size observed.

Reviewed by eLife

Immunoglobulin M regulates airway hyperresponsiveness independent of T helper 2 allergic inflammation

1. Sabelo Hadebe
2. Anca Flavia Savulescu
3. Jermaine Khumalo
4. Katelyn Jones
5. Sandisiwe Mangali
6. Nontobeko Mthembu
7. Fungai Musaigwa
8. Welcome Maepa
9. Hlumani Ndlovu
10. Amkele Ngomti
11. Martyna Scibiorek
12. Javan Okendo
13. Frank Brombacher

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  Studying several allergens in different mouse strains, the authors assess the role of IgM in airway inflammatory responses and show that IgM deficient mice have reduced airway hyperresponsiveness. Although the findings, based on experimental evidence from a wide range of immunological and other assays, including the expression of a protein that regulates actin in smooth cells, are interesting and useful, the study is incomplete as the data and analyses do not support their primary claims.

Reviewed by eLife

CCR1 mediates Müller cell activation and photoreceptor cell death in macular and retinal degeneration

1. Sarah Elbaz-Hayoun
2. Batya Rinsky
3. Shira Hagbi-Levi
4. Michelle Grunin
5. Itay Chowers

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  Elbaz-Hayoun et al. investigate the role of macrophages in the gliotic response of retinal Müller glia and photoreceptor cell death. The authors find that macrophages play a role in inducing retinal damage. A role for the muller glia expressed, C-C chemokine receptor axis was identified as a causative factor in promoting retinal degeneration. These important data identify a new link between cells of the immune system and those within the retina which contribute to the progression of retinal degeneration.

Reviewed by eLife

Vaccination with mycobacterial lipid loaded nanoparticle leads to lipid antigen persistence and memory differentiation of antigen-specific T cells

1. Eva Morgun
2. Jennifer Zhu
3. Sultan Almunif
4. Sharan Bobbala
5. Melissa S Aguilar
6. Junzhong Wang
7. Kathleen Conner
8. Yongyong Cui
9. Liang Cao
10. Chetan Seshadri
11. Evan A Scott
12. Chyung-Ru Wang

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  The authors generate a new formulation built upon a previous nanoparticle platform to generate a new system termed bicontinuous nanospheres (BCN), allowing for the dual incorporation of lipid and protein antigens. The authors generate mycolic acid (MA)-loaded BCN and perform a series of characterization studies to demonstrate the superior performance of this new formulation relative to the original one in terms of antigen persistence, a quality needed to sustain responses after vaccination. This work provides important new insights relevant to the TB vaccine field and it suggests that alternative antigens to proteins could be used in TB vaccine formulations. The data are convincing and will be of interest to individuals working on tuberculosis, vaccines and basic immunology.

Reviewed by eLife

Lack of p38 activation in T cells increases IL-35 production and protects against obesity by promoting thermogenesis

1. Ivana Nikolic
2. Irene Ruiz-Garrido
3. María Crespo
4. Rafael Romero-Becerra
5. Luis Leiva-Vega
6. Alfonso Mora
7. Marta León
8. Elena Rodríguez
9. Magdalena Leiva
10. Ana Belén Plata-Gómez
11. Maria Beatriz Alvarez
12. Jorge L. Torres
13. Lourdes Hernández-Cosido
14. Juan Antonio López
15. Jesús Vázquez
16. Alejo Efeyan
17. Pilar Martin
18. Miguel Marcos
19. Guadalupe Sabio

Reviewed by Review Commons

Selective loss of CD107a TIGIT+ memory HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells in PLWH over a decade of ART

1. Oscar Blanch-Lombarte
2. Dan Ouchi
3. Esther Jimenez-Moyano
4. Julieta Carabelli
5. Miguel Angel Marin
6. Ruth Peña
7. Adam Pelletier
8. Aarthi Talla
9. Ashish Sharma
10. Judith Dalmau
11. José Ramón Santos
12. Rafick-Pierre Sékaly
13. Bonaventura Clotet
14. Julia G Prado

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  The present study shows that the expression of some inhibitory receptors (IRGs) on CD8 T cells is increased in people living with HIV (PLWH) and remain elevated even after years of viral suppression by antiretroviral therapy. The authors further report that inhibition of TGIT partially restores the ability of CD8 T cells to produce CD107a but not the other functions. Altogether, the results provide some valuable insights into our understanding of inhibitory receptor expression in the HIV infected individuals but some evidence seems incomplete.

Reviewed by eLife

Predicting developmental relationships of tumor resident and circulating T cells in ovarian cancer

1. Mayra S. Carneiro
2. Yacine Bareche
3. Cheng Zhao
4. Pamela Thébault
5. Kurosh Rahimi
6. Diane Provencher
7. Vanessa Samouélian
8. Béatrice Cormier
9. Jean-François Cailhier
10. Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
11. Sophie Petropoulos
12. John Stagg
13. Réjean Lapointe

Reviewed by Review Commons

Olfactory detection of viruses shapes brain immunity and behavior in zebrafish

1. Aurora Kraus
2. Benjamin Garcia
3. Jie Ma
4. Kristian J. Herrera
5. Hanna Zwaka
6. Roy Harpaz
7. Ryan Y. Wong
8. Florian Engert
9. Irene Salinas

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This study presents a useful description of transcriptional responses in adult zebrafish olfactory bulb microglia and neurons following exposure to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. This solid work advances our understanding of central nervous system responses to viral infection and provides an inventory of gene expression changes in particular cell types that can be used as hypothesis generators for future studies. Experiments to assess behavioral and neural responses to the virus in adults and larvae are inadequate and would benefit from a clearer conceptual framework that connects these avenues of investigation both to published literature and to the authors' single cell RNA sequencing results.

Reviewed by eLife

SIV-specific neutralizing antibody induction following selection of a PI3K drive-attenuated nef variant

1. Hiroyuki Yamamoto
2. Tetsuro Matano

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  Yamamoto and Matano provide solid evidence that a G63E/R CD8+ T-cell escape mutation in the accessory viral protein Nef may facilitate the induction of neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses in rhesus macaques infected with SIVmac239. Functional analyses support that this mutation specifically impairs Nef`s ability to stimulate PI3K/Akt/mTORC2 signalling. This important study suggests that the accessory viral Nef protein impairs B cell function and effective humoral immune responses and is of interest for researchers and physicians interested in HIV/AIDS and vaccine development.

Reviewed by eLife