Immunology

Temporal dynamics of viral fitness and the adaptive immune response in HCV infection

1. Melanie Rose Walker
2. Preston Leung
3. Elizabeth Keoshkerian
4. Mehdi R Pirozyan
5. Andrew Lloyd
6. Fabio Luciani
7. Rowena A Bull

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The authors examined the evolution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a cohort of 14 subjects with recent HCV infections. They showed that viral fitness declines as the virus mutates to escape the immune response and can rebound later in infection as HCV accumulates additional mutations. The study contributes to an important aspect of viral evolution. The combination of approaches contributes to a convincing study.

Reviewed by eLife

A host enzyme reduces metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) by inactivating intestinal lipopolysaccharide

1. Zhiyan Wang
2. Nore Ojogun
3. Yiling Liu
4. Lu Gan
5. Zeling Xiao
6. Jintao Feng
7. Wei Jiang
8. Yeying Chen
9. Benkun Zou
10. ChengYun Yu
11. Changshun Li
12. Asha Ashuo
13. Xiaobo Li
14. Mingsheng Fu
15. Jian Wu
16. Yiwei Chu
17. Robert S Munford
18. Mingfang Lu

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study highlights the key role of the gut-liver axis mediated by LPS in causing hepatic steatosis. The authors provide solid evidence, in vivo, in vitro, and in silico, for the role of acyloxyacyl hydrolase in mediating this effect using KO mice subjected to MASD-inducing diets. The findings are significant for the liver research community and others interested in the gut-liver axis.

Reviewed by eLife

Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies arise during affinity maturation of germline antibodies to carbamylated proteins in rheumatoid arthritis

1. Marta Escarra-Senmarti
2. Michael Chungyoun
3. Dylan Ferris
4. Jeffrey J. Gray
5. Felipe Andrade

Reviewed by Arcadia Science

Nora virus proliferates in dividing intestinal stem cells and sensitizes flies to intestinal infection and oxidative stress

1. Adrien Franchet
2. Samantha Haller
3. Miriam Yamba
4. Vincent Barbier
5. Angelica Thomaz-Vieira
6. Vincent Leclerc
7. Stefanie Becker
8. Kwang-Zin Lee
9. Igor Orlov
10. Danièle Spehner
11. Laurent Daeffler
12. Dominique Ferrandon

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study shows that the Nora virus, a natural Drosophila pathogen that also persistently infects many laboratory fly stocks, infects intestinal stem cells (ISCs), leading to a shorter life span and increased sensitivity to intestinal infection with the Pseudomonas bacterium. The authors provide convincing data to support their conclusions. The paper provides new insights into virus-host interactions in the Drosophila gut and serves as a warning for scientists who use the fruit fly as a model to study gut physiology.

Reviewed by eLife

DHRS7 Integrates NADP ⁺ /NADPH Redox Sensing with Inflammatory Lipid Signalling via the Oxoeicosanoid Pathway

1. Yanan Ma
2. King Lam Hui
3. Yohannes A. Ambaw
4. Tobias C. Walther
5. Robert V. Farese
6. Miklos Lengyel
7. Zaza Gelashvili
8. Dajun Lu
9. Philipp Niethammer

Reviewed by PREreview

The C3-C3aR axis modulates trained immunity in alveolar macrophages

1. Alexander P Earhart
2. Rafael Aponte Alburquerque
3. Marick Starick
4. Aasritha Nallapu
5. Lorena Garnica
6. Ayse Naz Ozanturk
7. Rahul Kumar Maurya
8. Xiaobo Wu
9. Jeffrey A Haspel
10. Hrishikesh S Kulkarni

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study explores how complement protein C3 and its signalling may modulate immune training in alveolar macrophages. The findings are an important contribution to the field of trained immunity. The data presented is mainly solid, but incomplete in parts.

Reviewed by eLife

ImPaqT - A Golden Gate-based Toolkit for Zebrafish Transgenesis

1. Saskia Hurst
2. Christiane Dimmler
3. Mark R Cronan

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study introduces a useful toolkit for zebrafish transgenesis, significantly enhancing the flexibility and efficiency of transgene generation for immunological applications. The authors provide supporting evidence through well-designed experiments, demonstrating the toolkit's utility in generating diverse and functional transgenic lines. While the findings are solid, additional functional validation and broader comparisons to existing systems would strengthen the overall evidence base and ensure broader relevance to the zebrafish field, thereby increasing the significance of the study.

Reviewed by eLife

Sex‐dimorphic gene regulation in murine macrophages across niches

1. Cassandra J McGill
2. Olivia S White
3. Ryan J Lu
4. Nirmal K Sampathkumar
5. Bérénice A Benayoun

Reviewed by Review Commons

CXXC-finger protein 1 associates with FOXP3 to stabilize homeostasis and suppressive functions of regulatory T cells

1. Xiaoyu Meng
2. Yezhang Zhu
3. Kuai Liu
4. Yuxi Wang
5. Xiaoqian Liu
6. Chenxin Liu
7. Yan Zeng
8. Shuai Wang
9. Xianzhi Gao
10. Xin Shen
11. Jing Chen
12. Sijue Tao
13. Qianying Xu
14. Linjia Dong
15. Li Shen
16. Lie Wang

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study presents important findings on the role of CXXC-finger protein 1 in regulatory T cell gene regulation and function. The evidence supporting the authors' claims is convincing, with mostly state-of-the-art technology. The work will be of relevance to immunologists interested in regulatory T cell biology and autoimmunity.

Reviewed by eLife

Follicular helper- and peripheral helper-like T cells drive autoimmune disease in human immune system mice

1. Mohsen Khosravi-Maharlooei
2. Andrea Vecchione
3. Nichole Danzl
4. Hao Wei Li
5. Grace Nauman
6. Rachel Madley
7. Elizabeth Waffarn
8. Robert Winchester
9. Amanda Ruiz
10. Xiaolan Ding
11. Georgia Fousteri
12. Megan Sykes

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study utilizes humanized mice, in which human immune cells are introduced into immune-deficient mice, to provide convincing evidence that two helper CD4 T-cell subsets, T-follicular helper (Tfh) and T-peripheral helper (Tph) cells, are able to drive both autoantibody production and induction of autoimmunity. The work will be of broad interest to medical scientists engaged in deciphering how human immune cells mediate immune responses and contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases.

Reviewed by eLife