Immunology

PRR adjuvants restrain high stability peptides presentation on APCs

1. Bin Li
2. Jin Zhang
3. Taojun He
4. Hanmei Yuan
5. Hui Wu
6. Peng Wang
7. Chao Wu

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study provides interesting insights into the mechanisms of action of adjuvants. It shows that adjuvants, MPLA and CpG especially, modulate the peptide repertoires presented on the surface of antigen presenting cells, and surprisingly, adjuvant favored the presentation of low-stability peptides rather than high-stability peptides by antigen presenting cells. As a result, the low stability peptide presented in adjuvant groups elicits T cell response effectively. Evidence in support of these conclusions is solid, and this paper would be of interest to vaccinologists and immunologists.

Reviewed by eLife

Heat Shock Factor Regulation of Antimicrobial Peptides Expression Suggests a Conserved Defense Mechanism Induced by Febrile Temperature in Arthropods

1. Bang Xiao
2. Shihan Chen
3. Yue Wang
4. Xuzheng Liao
5. Jianguo He
6. Chaozheng Li

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study reports an important finding on the mechanism underlying the enhancement of anti-viral immune responses by febrile temperatures, especially the role of the conserved heat-shock factor, HSF-1. The data provide compelling support for the authors' model wherein increased temperature in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei activates HSF1, which in turn enhances anti-viral response via up-regulation of the nSWD protein and antibacterial peptides. The work, which will be of interest to virologists, immunologists, and cell biologists, would benefit from more discussion of the function and roles of HSF-1 at 25°C vs. 32°C.

Reviewed by eLife

T-follicular helper cells are epigenetically poised to transdifferentiate into T-regulatory type 1 cells

1. Josep Garnica
2. Patricia Sole
3. Jun Yamanouchi
4. Joel Moro
5. Debajyoti Mondal
6. Cesar Fandos
7. Pau Serra
8. Pere Santamaria

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study provides important information on pre-existing epigenetic modification in T cell plasticity. The evidence supporting the conclusions is compelling, supported by comprehensive transcriptional and epigenetic analyses. The work will be of interest to immunologists and colleagues studying transcriptional regulation.

Reviewed by eLife

Cell-autonomous targeting of arabinogalactan by host immune factors inhibits mycobacterial growth

1. Lianhua Qin
2. Junfang Xu
3. Jianxia Chen
4. Sen Wang
5. Ruijuan Zheng
6. Zhenling Cui
7. Zhonghua Liu
8. Xiangyang Wu
9. Jie Wang
10. Xiaochen Huang
11. Zhaohui Wang
12. Mingqiao Wang
13. Rong Pan
14. Stefan HE Kaufmann
15. Xun Meng
16. Lu Zhang
17. Wei Sha
18. Haipeng Liu

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The main idea tested in this work is that host galectin-9 inhibits Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth by recognizing the Mtb cell wall component arabinogalactan (AG) and, as a result, disrupting mycobacterial cell wall structure. Moreover, a similar effect is achieved by anti-AG antibodies. While the hypothesis is intriguing and the work has the potential to make a valuable contribution to Mtb therapy, the evidence presented is incomplete and does not explain several critical points including the dose-independent effect of galectin-9 on Mtb growth and how anti-AG antibodies and galectin-9 access the AG layer of intact Mtb.

Reviewed by eLife

PD-1 negatively regulates helper T cell differentiation into Th2

1. Masaki Tajima
2. Naoko Ikuta
3. Yuka Nakajima
4. Kensuke Suzuki
5. Yosuke Tokumaru
6. Peng Li
7. Hiroshi Kiyonari
8. Tasuku Honjo
9. Akio Ohta

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This valuable study reports on a novel role of PD-1 in early T cell differentiation, showing that PD-1 stimulation impairs Th2 differentiation more effectively than that of Th1, with implications for the treatment of allergies. However, whereas the series of well-designed experiments using OVA-specific CD4 T cells from DO.11.10 mice and the use of an allergy model generated compelling data, the study is still incomplete since it shows gaps in the rationale for the experimental protocols, contradictory data regarding IFN-gamma and IL-4 production, and the lack of in vivo experiments on Th2 differentiation to further support the main hypothesis. Nonetheless, the reported data would be of interest to immunologists working on T cell differentiation and allergy.

Reviewed by eLife

Integrin conformation-dependent neutrophil slowing obstructs the capillaries of the pre-metastatic lung in a model of breast cancer

1. Frédéric Fercoq
2. Gemma S. Cairns
3. Marco De Donatis
4. John B. G. Mackey
5. Alessia Floerchinger
6. Amanda McFarlane
7. Ximena L. Raffo-Iraolagoitia
8. Declan Whyte
9. Lindsey W. G. Arnott
10. Colin Nixon
11. Robert Wiesheu
12. Anna Kilbey
13. Leah Brown
14. Sarwah Al-Khalidi
15. Jim C. Norman
16. Edward W. Roberts
17. Karen Blyth
18. Seth B. Coffelt
19. Leo M. Carlin

Reviewed by preLights

Intestinal helminth skews DC2 development towards regulatory phenotype to counter the anti-helminth immune response

1. Anna Andrusaite
2. Olivia Ridgewell
3. Anna Ahlback
4. Holly Webster
5. Hiroki Yamaguchi
6. Molly Peel
7. Annika Frede
8. Sarwah Al-Khalidi
9. Andrew Farthing
10. Anna Heawood
11. Annabelle Smith
12. Edward Roberts
13. Allan Mowat
14. Richard Maizels
15. Georgia Perona-Wright
16. Simon Milling

Reviewed by Arcadia Science

A single microRNA miR-195 rescues the arrested B cell development induced by EBF1 deficiency

1. Yuji Miyatake
2. Tomokatsu Ikawa
3. Ryo Yanagiya
4. Ryutaro Kotaki
5. Kazuaki Kameda
6. Ryo Koyama-Nasu
7. Kazuki Okuyama
8. Ken-ichi Hirano
9. Hiroyuki Hosokawa
10. Katsuto Hozumi
11. Masato Ohtsuka
12. Takahiro Kishikawa
13. Chikako Shibata
14. Motoyuki Otsuka
15. Reo Maruyama
16. Kiyoshi Ando
17. Tomohiro Kurosaki
18. Hiroshi Kawamoto
19. Ai Kotani

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This useful study reports that the exogenous expression of the microRNA miR-195 can partially compensate in early B cell development for the loss of EBF1, one of the key transcription factors in B cells. While this finding will be of interest to those studying lymphocyte development, the evidence, particularly with regard to the molecular mechanisms that underpin the effect of miR-195, is currently incomplete.

Reviewed by eLife

FABP4-mediated lipid accumulation and lipolysis in tumor-associated macrophages promote breast cancer metastasis

1. Matthew Yorek
2. Xingshan Jiang
3. Shanshan Liu
4. Jiaqing Hao
5. Jianyu Yu
6. Anthony Avellino
7. Zhanxu Liu
8. Melissa Curry
9. Henry Keen
10. Jianqiang Shao
11. Anand Kanagasabapathy
12. Maying Kong
13. Yiqin Xiong
14. Edward R Sauter
15. Sonia L Sugg
16. Bing Li

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important paper uses elegant models, including genetic knock outs, to demonstrate that FABP4 contributes to lipid accumulation in tumor-associated macrophages, which seems to increase breast cancer migration. While the work is of high interest, the strength of the evidence relating to some of the conclusions is incomplete and the paper would benefit from some refinement. The work will be of interest to those researchers trying to link metabolism, the immune system, and cancer.

Reviewed by eLife

Functional identification of soluble uric acid as an endogenous inhibitor of CD38

1. Shijie Wen
2. Hiroshi Arakawa
3. Shigeru Yokoyama
4. Yoshiyuki Shirasaka
5. Haruhiro Higashida
6. Ikumi Tamai

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study shows that soluble uric acid is an endogenous inhibitor of CD38, a regulator of inflammatory responses. The convincing evidence draws both on biochemical analyses and in vivo models. This work provides insights into NAD+ metabolism, with significant implications for inflammation and potential roles in metabolic diseases and aging.

Reviewed by eLife