Immunology

PD-L1+ Neutrophils mediate Susceptibility during Systemic Inflammatory Response in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

1. Cleyson da Cruz Oliveira Barros
2. Alexandre Kanashiro
3. Gabriel Victor Lucena da Silva
4. Guilherme Cesar Martelossi Cebinelli
5. Luiz Osório Leiria
6. Thiago Mattar Cunha
7. José Carlos Alves Filho
8. Fernando Queiroz Cunha

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study highlights the key role of NK cells and PD-L1+ neutrophils in worsening sepsis responses in the context of of MASH (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis). While the data are solid, the overall evidence for the role of neutrophils in mediating this effect, which is based on a choline-deficient high-fat diet model of various knockouts or selective ablation of immune cell types, remains incomplete. The study will be of interest to researchers in immunopathological disease mechanisms.

Reviewed by eLife

Altered hepatic metabolism mediates sepsis preventive effects of reduced glucose supply in infected preterm newborns

1. Ole Bæk
2. Tik Muk
3. Ziyuan Wu
4. Yongxin Ye
5. Bekzod Khakimov
6. Alessandra Maria Casano
7. Bagirath Gangadharan
8. Ivan Bilic
9. Anders Brunse
10. Per Torp Sangild
11. Duc Ninh Nguyen

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The study follows up on previous work suggesting that lower glucose concentrations are protective from sepsis but put the patient at risk for hypoglycemia. In this paper, the authors identify that a slightly higher dose of glucose is still protective but no longer puts the patients at risk for hypoglycemia. The study is important, supported by convincing data, and will be of interest to a broad audience.

Reviewed by eLife

Syngeneic natural killer cell therapy activates dendritic and T cells in metastatic lungs and effectively treats low-burden metastases

1. Shih-Wen Huang
2. Yein-Gei Lai
3. Hao-Ting Liao
4. Chin-Ling Chang
5. Ruo-Yu Ma
6. Yung-Hsiang Chen
7. Yae-Huei Liou
8. Zhen-Qi Wu
9. Yu-Chen Wu
10. Ko-Jiunn Liu
11. Yen-Tsung Huang
12. Jen-Lung Yang
13. Ming-Shen Dai
14. Nan-Shih Liao

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  In this important study the authors develop an elegant lung metastasis mouse model that closely mimics the events in human patients. They provide convincing evidence for the effectiveness of IL-15/12-conditioned NK cells in this design, which was also critical for the authors being able to conclusively reveal the T cell-dependency of NK-cell-mediated long-term control of experimental metastasis. Of note, an investigator-initiated clinical trial demonstrated that similar NK cell infusions in cancer patients after resections were safe and showed signs of efficacy, which is of promising clinical application value.

Reviewed by eLife

TCR transgenic clone selection guided by immune receptor analysis and single-cell RNA expression of polyclonal responders

1. Nincy Debeuf
2. Sahine Lameire
3. Manon Vanheerswynghels
4. Julie Deckers
5. Caroline De Wolf
6. Wendy Toussaint
7. Rein Verbeke
8. Kevin Verstaen
9. Hamida Hammad
10. Stijn Vanhee
11. Bart N Lambrecht

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The paper illustrates a valuable approach to generating TCR transgenic mice specific for known epitopes. Solid evidence validates the described pipeline for identification of TCRs from single-cell datasets for the generation of TCR transgenic mice, while obviating the need for generation of T-cell lines and hybridomas.

Reviewed by eLife

Tumor-specific antibodies elicited by engineered bacteria promote bladder cancer immunotherapy

1. Mathieu Rouanne
2. Noah Chen
3. Dylan L. Mariuzza
4. Fangda Li
5. Kenia de los Santos-Alexis
6. Thomas M. Savage
7. Rosa L. Vincent
8. Cathy L. Mendelsohn
9. Tal Danino
10. Nicholas Arpaia

Reviewed by PREreview

CD131 contributes to ulcerative colitis pathogenesis by promoting macrophage infiltration

1. Zhiyuan Wu
2. Lindi Liu
3. Chenchen He
4. Lin Xiao
5. Duo Yun
6. Junliang Chen
7. Zhihao Liu
8. Wenjun Li
9. Qingjie Lv
10. Xiaodong Tan

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic gut inflammatory condition affecting the colon in humans. This study uses human samples as well as a mouse model of colitis induced by a chemical, DSS, to investigate the role of an immune marker, CD131, in UC pathogenesis. The study, as presented, is incomplete, as experimental details are lacking, the statistical analyses are deficient, and there is not yet direct evidence for a CD131-mediated mechanism of gut inflammation.

Reviewed by eLife

Distinct T-cell receptor (TCR) gene segment usage and MHC-restriction between foetal and adult thymus

1. Jasmine Rowell
2. Ching-In Lau
3. Susan Ross
4. Diana C Yanez
5. Oscar A Peña
6. Benny Chain
7. Tessa Crompton

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important manuscript provides an extensive and convincing analysis of the foetal and adult TCR repertoire in the mouse thymus. A potential implication of the work is that the earliest appearing T cells during ontogeny may have properties that are fundamentally distinct from those appearing later in life. The study will be of interest to immunologists concerned with T cell development and TCR repertoires.

Reviewed by eLife

The protective roles of eugenol on type 1 diabetes mellitus through NRF2-mediated oxidative stress pathway

1. Yalan Jiang
2. Pingping He
3. Ke Sheng
4. Yongmiao Peng
5. Huilan Wu
6. Songwei Qian
7. Weiping Ji
8. Xiaoling Guo
9. Xiaoou Shan

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This useful study partially succeeds in providing solid evidence in support of the therapeutic potential of the plant-derived compound eugenol for ameliorating symptoms associated with STZ-induced oxidative stress, identifying Nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) as a mediator of the effects induced by eugenol. Although the study provides interesting data, there remain concerns associated with the STZ model and the rather superficial mechanistic assessment.

Reviewed by eLife

Inhibition on neutrophil extracellular traps by oligomeric procyanidins alleviate chemotherapy-induced chronic kidney injury via gut-kidney axis

1. Yaqi Luan
2. Weiwei He
3. Kunmao Jiang
4. Shenghui Qiu
5. Lan Jin
6. Xinrui Mao
7. Ying Huang
8. Wentao Liu
9. Jingyuan Cao
10. Lai Jin
11. Rong Wang

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study provides evidence for the role of neutrophil extracellular traps in chronic kidney damage (CKD) induced by chemotherapy and suggests a therapeutic approach to mitigate the kidney pathology caused by the NETs. The study utilizes a sound murine in vivo model of CKD with low-dose administration cisplatin and a genetic model for impairment of NET formation by deletion of the enzyme Pad4. In its current form, the study was seen as incomplete as there is not yet formal demonstration of NET production by neutrophils in the model of CKD used. Additionally, the accuracy and clarity of data presentation could be improved.

Reviewed by eLife

Monoclonal antibodies derived from B cells in subjects with cystic fibrosis reduce Pseudomonas aeruginosa burden in mice

1. Malika Hale
2. Kennidy K Takehara
3. Christopher D Thouvenel
4. Dina A Moustafa
5. Andrea Repele
6. Mary F Fontana
7. Jason Netland
8. Sharon McNamara
9. Ronald L Gibson
10. Joanna B Goldberg
11. David J Rawlings
12. Marion Pepper

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infections is challenging because of intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance to most antibiotic drug classes. Therefore, by using donor B cells in subjects with cystic fibrosis who undergo intermittent or chronic airway PA infections, the authors aimed to isolate B-cell receptors against PA virulence factors and examined their biological activities. The data are solid and the protective antibodies identified in this study could be useful for protection against PA.

Reviewed by eLife