Immunology

Neurotrophic factor Neuritin modulates T cell electrical and metabolic state for the balance of tolerance and immunity

1. Hong Yu
2. Hiroshi Nishio
3. Joseph Barbi
4. Marisa Mitchell-Flack
5. Paolo DA Vignali
6. Ying Zheng
7. Andriana Lebid
8. Kwang-Yu Chang
9. Juan Fu
10. Makenzie Higgins
11. Ching-Tai Huang
12. Xuehong Zhang
13. Zhiguang Li
14. Lee Blosser
15. Ada Tam
16. Charles Drake
17. Drew Pardoll

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The neurotrophic factor Neuritin can moderate T-cell tolerance and immunity through both regulatory T (Treg) and effector T cells, promoting Treg cell expansion and suppression while dampening effector T cells to mediate the inflammatory response. Neuritin expression influences the membrane potential, ion channels, and nutrient transporter expression patterns of CD4+ T cells, contributing to differential metabolic states in Treg and effector T cells. These findings are solid and important for understanding immune regulation involving Treg cells and effector T cells.

Reviewed by eLife

Macrophages redeploy functional cancer cell surface proteins following phagocytosis

1. Regan F. Volk
2. Sara W. Casebeer
3. Andrew C. Condon
4. Bahar Zirak
5. Nayelis Manon
6. Iryna Irkliyenko
7. Huajun Liao
8. Shao Tao
9. Tommaso Pollini
10. Vijay Ramani
11. Ajay V. Maker
12. Trevor Fidler
13. Hani Goodarzi
14. Balyn W. Zaro

Reviewed by PREreview

Spatial and temporal coordination of Duox/TrpA1/Dh31 and IMD pathways is required for the efficient elimination of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine of Drosophila larvae

1. Fatima Tleiss
2. Martina Montanari
3. Romane Milleville
4. Olivier Pierre
5. Julien Royet
6. Dani Osman
7. Armel Gallet
8. C Leopold Kurz

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This article describes a novel mechanism allows Drosophila to combat enteric pathogens while also preserving the beneficial indigenous microbiota. The authors provide compelling evidence that oral infection of Drosophila larvae by pathogenic bacteria activate a valve that traps the intruders in the anterior midgut, allowing them to be killed by antimicrobial peptides. This is an important finding revealing a new mechanism of host defense in the gut of insects.

Reviewed by eLife

Nociceptor Neurons Control Pollution-Mediated Neutrophilic Asthma

1. Jo-Chiao Wang
2. Amelia Kulle
3. Theo Crosson
4. Amin Reza Nikpoor
5. Surbhi Gupta
6. Anais Roger
7. Moutih Rafei
8. Ajitha Thanabalasuriar
9. Sebastien Talbot

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The study is a valuable addition to the field, showing how particulate matter may be acting via nociceptor neurons towards neutrophilic asthma exacerbations. The solid evidence for the role of a nociceptive pathway in model systems is relevant to human asthma in its current form but would be further strengthened by mechanistic insights. This would be particularly relevant to further translational research towards blocking the exacerbating effect of air pollution on asthma.

Reviewed by eLife

Heparan sulphate binding controls in vivo half-life of the HpARI protein family

1. Florent Colomb
2. Abhishek Jamwal
3. Adefunke Ogunkanbi
4. Tania Frangova
5. Alice R Savage
6. Sarah Kelly
7. Gavin J Wright
8. Matthew K Higgins
9. Henry J McSorley

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study uses in vitro and in vivo methods to identify HpARI proteins from H. polygyrus as modulators of the host immune system. The data from comprehensive approaches for investigating differential roles of HpARI proteins are convincing. This paper is relevant to those who investigate host-pathogen interactions at the systems and molecular levels.

Reviewed by eLife

One N-glycan regulates natural killer cell antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and modulates Fc γ receptor IIIa/CD16a structure

1. Paul G Kremer
2. Elizabeth A Lampros
3. Allison M Blocker
4. Adam W Barb

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study explores the mechanistic link between glycosylation at the N162 site of the Fc gamma receptor FcγRIIIa and the modulation of NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. Using innovative isotope labeling strategies and advanced NMR spectroscopy techniques, the authors provide compelling evidence of how glycan composition influences receptor stability and immune function. These findings offer fundamental insights that may contribute to the development of more effective therapeutic antibodies. The manuscript will be of significant interest to immunologists and researchers focused on therapeutic antibody design.

Reviewed by eLife

PRR adjuvants restrain high stability peptides presentation on APCs

1. Bin Li
2. Jin Zhang
3. Taojun He
4. Hanmei Yuan
5. Hui Wu
6. Peng Wang
7. Chao Wu

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study provides interesting insights into the mechanisms of action of adjuvants. It shows that adjuvants, MPLA and CpG especially, modulate the peptide repertoires presented on the surface of antigen presenting cells, and surprisingly, adjuvant favored the presentation of low-stability peptides rather than high-stability peptides by antigen presenting cells. As a result, the low stability peptide presented in adjuvant groups elicits T cell response effectively. Evidence in support of these conclusions is solid, and this paper would be of interest to vaccinologists and immunologists.

Reviewed by eLife

Heat Shock Factor Regulation of Antimicrobial Peptides Expression Suggests a Conserved Defense Mechanism Induced by Febrile Temperature in Arthropods

1. Bang Xiao
2. Shihan Chen
3. Yue Wang
4. Xuzheng Liao
5. Jianguo He
6. Chaozheng Li

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study reports an important finding on the mechanism underlying the enhancement of anti-viral immune responses by febrile temperatures, especially the role of the conserved heat-shock factor, HSF-1. The data provide compelling support for the authors' model wherein increased temperature in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei activates HSF1, which in turn enhances anti-viral response via up-regulation of the nSWD protein and antibacterial peptides. The work, which will be of interest to virologists, immunologists, and cell biologists, would benefit from more discussion of the function and roles of HSF-1 at 25°C vs. 32°C.

Reviewed by eLife

T-follicular helper cells are epigenetically poised to transdifferentiate into T-regulatory type 1 cells

1. Josep Garnica
2. Patricia Sole
3. Jun Yamanouchi
4. Joel Moro
5. Debajyoti Mondal
6. Cesar Fandos
7. Pau Serra
8. Pere Santamaria

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study provides important information on pre-existing epigenetic modification in T cell plasticity. The evidence supporting the conclusions is compelling, supported by comprehensive transcriptional and epigenetic analyses. The work will be of interest to immunologists and colleagues studying transcriptional regulation.

Reviewed by eLife

Cell-autonomous targeting of arabinogalactan by host immune factors inhibits mycobacterial growth

1. Lianhua Qin
2. Junfang Xu
3. Jianxia Chen
4. Sen Wang
5. Ruijuan Zheng
6. Zhenling Cui
7. Zhonghua Liu
8. Xiangyang Wu
9. Jie Wang
10. Xiaochen Huang
11. Zhaohui Wang
12. Mingqiao Wang
13. Rong Pan
14. Stefan HE Kaufmann
15. Xun Meng
16. Lu Zhang
17. Wei Sha
18. Haipeng Liu

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The main idea tested in this work is that host galectin-9 inhibits Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth by recognizing the Mtb cell wall component arabinogalactan (AG) and, as a result, disrupting mycobacterial cell wall structure. Moreover, a similar effect is achieved by anti-AG antibodies. While the hypothesis is intriguing and the work has the potential to make a valuable contribution to Mtb therapy, the evidence presented is incomplete and does not explain several critical points including the dose-independent effect of galectin-9 on Mtb growth and how anti-AG antibodies and galectin-9 access the AG layer of intact Mtb.

Reviewed by eLife