Neuroscience

eLife Assessment

This important study develops and exploits novel ideas in dendritic integration and implements these ideas in a neural network. Historically, dendritic plateau potentials were thought to exist primarily for maintaining neurons in a depolarized state for 100s of milliseconds, but this study presents a new perspective that dendritic plateau potentials are equally effective in much shorter integration windows. The computational evidence supporting the article's claims is compelling.

eLife Assessment

This study aggregates across five fMRI datasets and reports that a network of brain areas previously associated with response inhibition processes, including several in the basal ganglia, are more active on failed stop than successful stop trials. This study is valuable as a well-powered investigation of fMRI measures of stopping, and following revisions provides solid evidence for its conclusions.

eLife Assessment

This important study presents a finding on the role of the Inferior Colliculus in sensory prediction, cognitive decision-making, and reward prediction. The evidence supporting the claims of the authors is convincing. The work will be of broad interest to sensory neuroscientists.

eLife Assessment

This valuable study describes how trains of mossy fiber stimulation control cerebellar unipolar brush cell discharges. The dissection of the contributions of relevant glutamate receptors to these transformations is convincing. Overall, the study broadens our understanding of temporal processing in the cerebellar cortex.

eLife Assessment

This important study introduces a biologically constrained model of telencephalic area of adult zebrafish to highlight the significance of precisely balanced memory networks in olfactory processing. The authors provide compelling evidence that their model performs better in multiple situations (for e.g. in terms of network stability and shaping the geometry of representations), compared to traditional attractor networks and persistent activity. The work supports recent studies reporting functional E/I subnetworks in several sensory cortexes, and will be of interest to both theoretical and experimental neuroscientists studying network dynamics based on structured excitatory and inhibitory interactions.

eLife Assessment

This study presents a valuable conceptual approach that cell lineage can be determined using methylation data. However, the evidence supporting the claims of the author remains incomplete after revision. If clarified further as described in the reviews, this approach could be of broad interest to neuroscientists and developmental biologists.

eLife Assessment

This study presents a valuable finding on the mechanism of self-prioritization by revealing the influence of self-associations on early attentional selection. The evidence supporting the claims of the authors is solid, although inclusion of a discussion about the generalization and limitation would have strengthened the study. The work will be of interest to researchers in psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience.

eLife Assessment

This is an important study using a combination of optogenetics and calcium imaging to provide insight into the function of the cholinergic input to the prelimbic cortex in probabilistic spatial learning as it relates to threat. These data are timely in contributing to an ongoing discussion in the field about the role of phasic cholinergic signaling to the cortex, about which relatively little is known. The strength of the evidence is incomplete and could be improved by changes in task design and analyses, cross-validation of the conditions in calcium imaging, as well as the incorporation of control experiments to more definitively show it is indeed acetylcholine working in this circuit.

eLife Assessment

This paper shows convincingly that the human visual system can recalibrate itself to compensate for phase alterations in an image induced by optical blur. This phenomenon is studied using state-of-the-art adaptive optics approaches that allow the manipulation of the eye's optics while making concurrent psychophysical measurements. The findings are broadly important because they highlight a neural mechanism by which flawed information is used to create seemingly accurate perceptions of the visual environment.

eLife Assessment

This important study describes a neural circuit contributing to two behavioral processes affecting pathogen avoidance in the nematode C. elegans. The method used to identify specific contributing neurons is innovative and the experimental evidence supporting the major claims is solid. This study will be of interest to neuroscientists studying behavior, in particular in C. elegans.