Neuroscience

Comprehensive characterization of human color discrimination thresholds

1. Fangfang Hong
2. Ruby Bouhassira
3. Jason Chow
4. Craig Sanders
5. Michael Shvartsman
6. Phillip Guan
7. Alex H Williams
8. David H Brainard

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study describes a novel Bayesian psychophysical approach that efficiently measures how well humans can discriminate between colors across the entire isoluminant plane. The evidence was considered compelling, as it included successful model validation against hold-out data and published datasets. This approach could prove to be of use to color vision scientists, as well as to those who use computational psychophysics and attempt to model perceptual stimulus fields with smooth variations over coordinate spaces.

Reviewed by eLife

Visuomotor mismatch EEG responses in occipital cortex of freely moving human subjects

1. Magdalena Solyga
2. Marek Zelechowski
3. Georg B Keller

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This valuable study demonstrates that self-motion strongly affects neural responses to visual stimuli, comparing humans moving through a virtual environment to passive viewing. However, evidence that the modulation is due to prediction is incomplete as it stands, since participants may come to expect visual freezes over the course of the experiment. This study bridges human and rodent studies on the role of prediction in sensory processing, and is therefore expected to be of interest to a large community of neuroscientists.

Reviewed by eLife

Alpha rhythm subharmonics underlie responsiveness to theta burst stimulation via calcium metaplasticity

1. Kevin Kadak
2. Davide Momi
3. Zheng Wang
4. Sorenza P Bastiaens
5. Mohammad P Oveisi
6. Taha Morshedzadeh
7. Minarose Ismail
8. Jan Fousek
9. John D Griffiths

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This useful study provides a well-constructed computational investigation of how intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) influences synaptic plasticity within the corticothalamic circuit, improving our mechanistic understanding of how stimulation parameters interact with intrinsic brain oscillations. The authors build a corticothalamic population model that generates individual alpha rhythms with a calcium-dependent metaplasticity rule, and provide solid evidence that aligning stimulation frequencies to brain-intrinsic oscillatory subharmonics enhances plasticity effects. This insight could open a route toward personalized, more effective stimulation protocols.

Reviewed by eLife

Morphogenesis and morphometry of brain folding patterns across species

1. Sifan Yin
2. Chunzi Liu
3. Gary PT Choi
4. Yeonsu Jung
5. Katja Heuer
6. Roberto Toro
7. L Mahadevan

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study presents a cross-species and cross-disciplinary analysis of cortical folding. The authors use a combination of physical gel models, computational simulations, and morphometric analysis, extending prior work in human brain development to macaques and ferrets. The findings support the hypothesis that mechanical forces driven by differential growth can account for major aspects of gyrification. The evidence presented is overall strong and convincingly supports the central claims; the findings will be of broad interest in developmental neuroscience.

Reviewed by eLife

Canonical neurodevelopmental trajectories of structural and functional manifolds

1. Alicja Monaghan
2. Richard. AI Bethlehem
3. Danyal Akarca
4. Daniel Margulies
5. the CALM Team
6. Duncan E Astle

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study provides insights into the neurodevelopmental trajectories of structural and functional connectivity gradients in the human brain and their potential associations with behaviour and psychopathology. The evidence supporting the findings is solid. This study will be of interest to neuroscientists interested in understanding functional connectivity across development.

Reviewed by eLife

Developmental prosopagnosics have normal spatial integration in posterior ventral face-selective regions

1. Daniel A Stehr
2. Yiyuan Zhang
3. Anusha Patgiri
4. Alexis Kidder
5. Kendrick Kay
6. Bradley Duchaine

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This functional MRI study critically tests the hypothesis that poor face recognition in developmental prosopagnosia in humans is driven by reduced spatial integration and smaller receptive fields in face-selective brain regions. The evidence provided is compelling as it is well-powered, uses state-of-the-art functional brain imaging, eye tracking, and computational analyses. The observed lack of difference in population receptive field sizes between face-selective brain regions of individuals with and without prosopagnosia, though a null result, has important implications for the field, and specifically, for theories of face recognition.

Reviewed by eLife

Maturation of the glymphatic system confers innate resistance of the brain to Zika virus infection

1. Jhulimar Guilherme Doerl
2. Emanuelly Karine Campos Chaves
3. Vivian Antonielly Becker dos Santos
4. Bruna Lorena de Melo Marcelino
5. Diego Marques Coelho
6. Leo Morita Miyakoshi
7. Josélio Maria Galvão de Araújo
8. Selma Maria Bezerra Jerônimo
9. Eduardo Bouth Sequerra

Reviewed by preLights

Neuroinflammation in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) as assessed by [11C]PBR28 PET correlates with vascular disease measures

1. Michael B. VanElzakker
2. Hannah F. Bues
3. Ludovica Brusaferri
4. Minhae Kim
5. Deena Saadi
6. Eva-Maria Ratai
7. Darin D. Dougherty
8. Marco L. Loggia

Reviewed by Rapid Reviews Infectious Diseases

Caveolin-1 mediates neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in SARS-CoV-2 infection

1. Troy N. Trevino
2. Avital B. Fogel
3. Richard Minshall
4. Justin M. Richner
5. Sarah E. Lutz

Reviewed by Rapid Reviews Infectious Diseases, PREreview

Inhibitory circuits control leg movements during Drosophila grooming

1. Durafshan Sakeena Syed
2. Primoz Ravbar
3. Julie H Simpson

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  Using a combination of connectomics, optogenetics, behavioral analysis and modeling, this study provides important findings on the role of inhibitory neurons in the generation of leg grooming movements in Drosophila. The data as presented provide convincing evidence that the identified neuronal populations are key in the generation of rhythmic leg movements. Based on reconstructions from ventral nerve cord electron microscopy data, the authors uncover distinct pathways to the motor neurons, which they propose inhibit and disinhibit antagonistic sets of motor neurons. This results in an alternation of flexion and extension. By analyzing limb kinematics upon silencing of specific populations of premotor inhibitory neurons and using computational modelling, they show the potential role of these neurons in rhythmic leg movement. The work will interest neuroscientists and particularly those working on motor control.

Reviewed by eLife