Neuroscience

A stochastic RNA editing process targets a select number of sites in individual Drosophila glutamatergic motoneurons

1. Andrés B Crane
2. Michiko O Inouye
3. Suresh K Jetti
4. J Troy Littleton

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study uses single-neuron Patch-seq RNA sequencing to investigate the process by which RNA editing can produce protein diversity and regulate function in various cellular contexts. The computational analyses of the data collected are convincing, and from an analytical standpoint, this paper is a notable advance in seeking to provide a biological context for massive amounts of data in the field. The study would be of interest to biologists looking at the effects of RNA editing in the diversification of cellular behaviour.

Reviewed by eLife

Asymmetric neural entrainment at resonance frequencies underlies unilateral spatial neglect

1. Yuka O Okazaki
2. Noriaki Hattori
3. Teiji Kawano
4. Megumi Hatakenaka
5. Ichiro Miyai
6. Keiichi Kitajo

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This valuable study uses EEG and computational modeling to investigate hemispheric oscillatory asymmetries in unilateral spatial neglect. The work benefits from rare patient data and a careful multimethod approach. However, the evidence is incomplete because key assumptions about alpha‑band entrainment and methodological confounds such as lesion variability and eye‑movement artifacts remain insufficiently addressed.

Reviewed by eLife

A Toolkit for In Vivo Mapping and Modulating Neurotransmission at Single-Cell Resolution

1. Andrea Cuentas-Condori
2. Patricia Chanabá-López
3. Matthew Thomas
4. Likui Feng
5. Aaron Wolfe
6. Peter Agoba
7. Matthew L Schwartz
8. Maximillian Brown
9. Margaret Ebert
10. Erik Jorgensen
11. Cornelia I Bargmann
12. Daniel Colón-Ramos

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study presents an important toolkit for visualising the endogenous expression of four classes of neurotransmitter vesicular transporters. Using their toolkit, the authors find that there is co-transmission of neurotransmitters in over 10% of neurons tested. Although the evidence presented in the manuscript is solid, one weakness of this study is the failure of the authors to compare and contrast their results with available single-cell sequencing datasets and with well-established synaptic reporter lines (i.e., co-localization experiments). This toolkit will be of great use to multiple labs, and the authors should indicate their plan to disseminate the reagents and the associated information that is part of this kit.

Reviewed by eLife

Where is the melody? Spontaneous attention orchestrates melody formation during polyphonic music listening

1. Martin M Winchester
2. Kevin Reynolds
3. Charbel Nebo
4. Ian Cecil Scott
5. Giovanni M Di Liberto

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This valuable work potentially advances our understanding of melody extraction in polyphonic music listening by identifying spontaneous attentional focus in uninstructed listening contexts. However, the evidence supporting the main conclusions is incomplete. The work will be of interest to psychologists and neuroscientists working on music listening, attention, and perception in ecological settings.

Reviewed by eLife

A stress-activated neuronal ensemble in the supramammillary nucleus encodes anxiety but not memory

1. Jinming Zhang
2. Kexin Yu
3. Junmin Zhang
4. Yuan Chang
5. Xiao Sun
6. Zhaoqiang Qian
7. Zongpeng Sun
8. Zhiqiang Liu
9. Wei Ren
10. Jing Han

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This manuscript provides a valuable contribution by identifying stress-responsive neurons in the supramammillary nucleus and their ventral subiculum inputs and assessing the regulation of anxiety-related behaviors. The evidence is convincing that the supramammillary nucleus contains stress-responsive neurons, and activation of these neurons increases anxiety-like behaviors. However, evidence that the ventral subiculum input to the supramammillary nucleus encodes and regulates anxiety and that the supramammillary nucleus generates an anxiety engram is incomplete. This work has the potential to offer new insights into how distinct circuits encode different emotional states and will be of interest to those interested in brain systems of aversive emotional and behavioral states.

Reviewed by eLife

Inhibitory columnar feedback neurons are required for motion processing in Drosophila

1. Miriam Henning
2. Madhura Ketkar
3. Teresa Lüffe
4. Daryl M Gohl
5. Thomas R Clandinin
6. Marion Silies

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important article reports on the role of specific interneurons in the motion processing circuitry of the fruit fly, and marshals convincing evidence from neural recording, genetic manipulation, and behavioral analysis. A significant result ties the activity of C2/C3 neurons to the temporal resolution of the motion vision system. It remains unclear whether disrupting this pathway affects the dynamics of vision more generally.

Reviewed by eLife

Dissecting surveying behavior of reactive microglia under chronic neurodegeneration

1. Sunitha Subhramanian
2. Olga Bocharova
3. Natallia Makarava
4. Tarek Safadi
5. Ilia V Baskakov

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The manuscript presents important findings that advance our understanding of how microglia adapt their surveillance strategies during chronic neurodegeneration. The evidence presented is convincing, with appropriate and validated methodology broadly supporting the claims given by the authors.

Reviewed by eLife

Functional characterization of neuropeptides that act as ligands for both calcitonin-type and pigment-dispersing factor-type receptors in a deuterostome

1. Xiao Cong
2. Huachen Liu
3. Lihua Liu
4. Nayeli Escudero Castelán
5. Kite GE Jones
6. Michaela Egertová
7. Maurice R Elphick
8. Muyan Chen

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This valuable study characterises receptors for calcitonin-related peptides from a deuterostomian animal, the echinoderm Apostichopus japonicus, by a combination of heterologous expression, pharmacological experiments, and the quantification of gene-expression levels. The authors provide convincing evidence for a functional calcitonin-related peptide system in the sea cucumber, but further work will be needed to confirm the proposed physiological functions of PDF receptor system in this species. This work should be of interest to scientists studying the signaling pathways, functions, and evolution of neuropeptides, and could be of relevance to improving the culture conditions of this economically key species.

Reviewed by eLife

High-throughput single-cell CRISPRi screens stratify neurodevelopmental functions of schizophrenia-associated genes

1. Umut Yildiz
2. Annique Claringbould
3. Mikael Marttinen
4. Víctor Campos-Fornés
5. Mantha Lamprousi
6. Manu Saraswat
7. Mathias Saver
8. Daria Bunina
9. Michael W. Dorrity
10. Judith Zaugg
11. Kyung-Min Noh

Reviewed by preLights

Molecular and functional dissection using CaMPARI-seq reveals the neuronal organization for dissociating optic flow-dependent behaviors

1. Koji Matsuda
2. Chung-Han Wang
3. Atsushi Toyoda
4. Tomoya Shiraki
5. Koichi Kawakami
6. Fumi Kubo

Reviewed by preLights