Neuroscience

eLife Assessment

In this fundamental manuscript, Richter et al. present a thorough anatomical characterization of the Drosophila melanogaster larval pharyngeal sensory system, which is involved in taste-guided behaviors.This study fills a major gap in the larval sensory map, providing a detailed neuroanatomical foundation for future investigations into sensory circuits and behavior. The exceptional data will significantly enrich the field of Drosophila neurobiology.

eLife Assessment

In this study, electroencephalography was recorded during a binocular-rivalry paradigm in which participants viewed a target and a distractor stimulus. The stimuli were independently frequency-tagged, allowing the researchers to track target and distractor processing over time. The findings suggest that parietal alpha oscillations initially segregate competing inputs, followed by frontal theta activity associated with suppression of distractor representations. The significance of these findings is valuable, although the strength of the evidence remains incomplete, because of specific experiment design choices and methodological limitations.

eLife Assessment

This important study introduces a method, based on active control, for determining the functional connectivity between neurons or groups of neurons. While the theory is derived for a linear model with a perfectly observed control signal, the authors present compelling evidence that their method will work even when the system is nonlinear and the control signal is not fully observed. Furthermore, they provide a practical recipe for doing so.

eLife Assessment

This valuable study demonstrates molecular changes associated with age related impairment in oligodendrocyte differentiation and ability to myelinate. The identification of particular genes that are associated with this decline will provide potential future targets for therapeutic interventions. The reviewers felt that the quality of the evidence was convincing while identifying some minor weaknesses that were largely addressed in the review process.

eLife Assessment

This important work sets out to identify the neural substrates of associative fear responses in adult zebrafish. Through a compelling and innovative paradigm and analysis, the authors identify brain regions associated with individual differences in fear memory expression. While most findings are well supported, there is limited evidence that the four behavioral clusters represent discrete forms of associative fear-memory expression and the related interpretations would benefit from additional analysis or more cautious framing. Nonetheless, this study showcases the strength of zebrafish for systems-level neuroscience and will be of broad interest to the neuroscience community.

eLife Assessment

This important study integrates mouse genetics with sequencing, electrophysiological and behavioral tools to uncover the behavioral role and molecular profile of a developmentally defined subpopulation in the lateral septum. The data collected and analyzed are convincing, highlighting the role of this subpopulation in threat avoidance and stress, providing a framework by which developmental origin is linked to mature neuronal function. The work will be of interest to biologists and neuroscientists working on development and behavior.

eLife Assessment

This study examines how prefrontal population dynamics tune social behaviors, providing important findings that oxytocin receptor-expressing interneurons support sociosexual choice in female mice. The multidisciplinary evidence is convincing and could be strengthened by more comprehensive reporting of the methodology and a clearer distinction between inferential and directly tested insights from modelling. This work will be of interest to those interested in prefrontal cortex, oxytocin, and/or social behavior.

eLife Assessment

This study presents valuable findings on the role of specific dopamine neurons for aversive learning and modulation of innate behavior in Drosophila larvae. The authors present convincing evidence backed up by detailed behavioral quantification and rigorous testing. Their data confirms previous findings and will be of interest to the learning and memory community.

eLife Assessment

This study offers valuable insights into brain responses to somatosensory and visual temporal and spatial tasks in the auditory cortex of Deaf and hearing individuals. The evidence for a sensorily-bound representation in the deprived cortex -- rather than abstract -- is solid; however, the study will benefit from some additional analyses to better clarify and contextualise the results. This work will be of broad interest to neuroscientists investigating brain plasticity and development.

eLife Assessment

This study addresses a fundamental question about how large-scale brain networks interact, and specifically how the default mode network exchanges information with sensory cortex. The analyses provide solid evidence for the claims made in the paper. The findings should be of broad interest to researchers studying brain network organization and dynamics.