Neuroscience

Neuroinflammation in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) as assessed by [11C]PBR28 PET correlates with vascular disease measures

1. Michael B. VanElzakker
2. Hannah F. Bues
3. Ludovica Brusaferri
4. Minhae Kim
5. Deena Saadi
6. Eva-Maria Ratai
7. Darin D. Dougherty
8. Marco L. Loggia

Reviewed by Rapid Reviews Infectious Diseases

Caveolin-1 mediates neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in SARS-CoV-2 infection

1. Troy N. Trevino
2. Avital B. Fogel
3. Richard Minshall
4. Justin M. Richner
5. Sarah E. Lutz

Reviewed by Rapid Reviews Infectious Diseases, PREreview

Inhibitory circuits control leg movements during Drosophila grooming

1. Durafshan Sakeena Syed
2. Primoz Ravbar
3. Julie H Simpson

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  Using a combination of connectomics, optogenetics, behavioral analysis and modeling, this study provides important findings on the role of inhibitory neurons in the generation of leg grooming movements in Drosophila. The data as presented provide convincing evidence that the identified neuronal populations are key in the generation of rhythmic leg movements. Based on reconstructions from ventral nerve cord electron microscopy data, the authors uncover distinct pathways to the motor neurons, which they propose inhibit and disinhibit antagonistic sets of motor neurons. This results in an alternation of flexion and extension. By analyzing limb kinematics upon silencing of specific populations of premotor inhibitory neurons and using computational modelling, they show the potential role of these neurons in rhythmic leg movement. The work will interest neuroscientists and particularly those working on motor control.

Reviewed by eLife

Dynamic fMRI networks of emotion

1. Niels Janssen
2. Uriel KA Elvira
3. Joost Janssen
4. Theo GM van Erp

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This manuscript provides important information on the neurodynamics of emotional processing while participants were watching movie clips. This work provides convincing results in deciphering the temporal-spatial dynamics of emotional processing. This work will be of interest to affective neuroscientists and fMRI researchers in general.

Reviewed by eLife

Computational modelling identifies key determinants of subregion-specific dopamine dynamics in the striatum

1. Aske L Ejdrup
2. Jakob K Dreyer
3. Matthew D Lycas
4. Søren H Jørgensen
5. Trevor W Robbins
6. Jeffrey W Dalley
7. Freja Herborg
8. Ulrik Gether

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The conclusions of this work are based on valuable simulations of a detailed model of striatal dopamine dynamics. Establishing that lower dopamine uptake rate can lead to a "tonic" level of dopamine in the ventral but not dorsal striatum, and that dopamine concentration changes at short delays can be tracked by D1 but not D2 receptor activation, is invaluable and will be of interest to the community, particularly those studying dopamine. The model simulations provide convincing evidence for differences between dorsal and ventral striatum dopamine concentrations, while evidence for differential tracking of dopamine changes by D1 vs D2 receptors is solid.

Reviewed by eLife

Comparative neuroimaging of the carnivoran brain: Neocortical sulcal anatomy

1. Magdalena Boch
2. Katrin Karadachka
3. Kep Kee Loh
4. R Austin Benn
5. Lea Roumazeilles
6. Mads F Bertelsen
7. Paul R Manger
8. Ethan Wriggelsworth
9. Simon Spiro
10. Muhammad A Spocter
11. Philippa J Johnson
12. Kamilla Avelino-de-Souza
13. Nina Patzke
14. Claus Lamm
15. Karla L Miller
16. Jérôme Sallet
17. Alexandre A Khrapitchev
18. Benjamin C Tendler
19. Rogier B Mars

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This valuable study presents the first detailed and comprehensive description of brain sulcus anatomy of a range of carnivoran species based on a robust manual labeling model allowing species comparisons. The database and method for reconstructing cortical surfaces are compelling, and the evidence supporting the conclusions is solid. Despite the additional specimen, the evaluation of intra-species variations remains limited, but an insight into the inter-individual variability is now available for certain species. Exploring the associations between sulcal length and behavioral characteristics further suggests the potential of sulci as a proxy of functional organization. Setting an instructive foundation for comparative anatomy, this study will be of interest to neuroscientists and neuroimaging researchers interested in that field, as well as in brain morphology and sulcal patterns, their phylogeny and ontogeny in relation to functional development and behaviour.

Reviewed by eLife

Differential locus coeruleus–hippocampus interactions during offline states

1. Mingyu Yang
2. Oxana Eschenko

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study provides new insights into the neuronal dynamics of the locus coeruleus in relation to hippocampal sharp-wave ripples. Using high-temporal-resolution, multi-site electrophysiological recordings in rats, the authors present solid evidence supporting their main claims. Nonetheless, some aspects of the evidence remain incomplete, and several points in the data presentation would benefit from clarification. Overall, the work will be of interest to neuroscientists studying large-scale brain coordination and memory processes.

Reviewed by eLife

Reconstructing Voice Identity from Noninvasive Auditory Cortex Recordings

1. Charly Lamothe
2. Etienne Thoret
3. Régis Trapeau
4. Bruno L Giordano
5. Julien Sein
6. Sylvain Takerkart
7. Stéphane Ayache
8. Thierry Artières
9. Pascal Belin

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study used deep neural networks (DNN) to reconstruct voice information (viz., speaker identity), from fMRI responses in the auditory cortex and temporal voice areas, and assessed the representational content in these areas with decoding. A DNN-derived feature space approximated the neural representation of speaker identity-related information. The findings are valuable and the approach solid, yielding insight into how a specific model architecture can be used to relate the latent spaces of neural data and auditory stimuli to each other.

Reviewed by eLife

Spatially heterogeneous inhibition projects sequential activity onto unique neural subspaces

1. Andrew B Lehr
2. Arvind Kumar
3. Christian Tetzlaff

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This valuable study uses mathematical modeling and analysis to address the question of how neural circuits generate distinct low-dimensional, sequential neural dynamics that can change on fast, behaviorally relevant timescales. The authors propose a circuit model in which spatially heterogeneous inhibition constrains network dynamics to sequential activity on distinct neural subspaces and allows top-down sequence selection on fast timescales. The study convincingly demonstrates how this mechanism could operate and makes predictions about connectivity patterns and dynamics.

Reviewed by eLife

From cognition to compensation: Neurocomputational mechanisms of guilt-driven and shame-driven altruistic behavior

1. Ruida Zhu
2. Huanqing Wang
3. Chunliang Feng
4. Linyuan Yin
5. Ran Zhang
6. Yi Zeng
7. Chao Liu

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This is an important study on how dissociable emotions of shame and guilt emerge from cognitive processes and guide behavioral responses. The task is well designed and yields compelling behavioral, computational, and neural evidence elucidating the cognitive link between emotions and compensatory decisions. The work has broad theoretical and practical implications across a range of disciplines concerned with human behavior, including psychology, neuroscience, economics, public policy, and psychiatry.

Reviewed by eLife