Neuroscience

Evaluation Summary:

This paper details coordinated work to both measure and model long-range correlations in the primate brain, during either rest or a reach-to-grasp task. The careful analysis shows that these long-range correlations are modulated by behavioral state, and can exist in the absence of common input or long-range anatomical connections. An analytical model is developed that shows how a disordered system with heterogeneous connections can give rise to this kind of long-range correlations, with only short-range direct connections between neurons.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

This paper will be of interest to scientists across systems neuroscience or to those interested in how one component of a neural circuit contributes to downstream functions longitudinally. This study investigates how increasing feed forward inhibition in the dentate gyrus-CA3 hippocampal circuit impacts the formation and maintenance of context-specific ensembles in CA1 and the anterior cingulate cortex. However not all the claims of this manuscript are fully supported by the data.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

This paper is of interest to psychologists and neuroscientist investigating systems memory consolidation. It describes an experimental protocol that allows precise, quantitative behavioural measurements to assess the development and interactions of item and gist memory traces over extended time periods. The study design and hypotheses are elegant and bring together ideas from several other fields of cognitive psychology (working memory, category learning). However, additional analyses, and in particular, comparison of some simple computational models, are needed before the conclusions are justified.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

The experiments reported here directly assess the impact of theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation on neuronal activity. It will be of high potential interest to researchers using non-invasive brain stimulation. Although the results are highly intriguing, several methodological issues limit the inferences that can be drawn from the data as currently presented.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

This paper will be of interest to a wide range of systems neuroscientists seeking to understanding the relationship between neuronal activity and behavior. Building on previous technical advances in brain-wide imaging of neuronal activity (Ca signals) in freely moving animals (Caenorhabditis elegans), it demonstrates that a linear regression model is sufficient reconstruct key parameters of locomotion - velocity and body curvature - from the imaging data and documents differences in activity between freely moving and immobilized worms.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

This paper provides important data on the contribution of the vmPFC to temporal discounting, by showing differential modulation of two well-known effects in inter-temporal choice (magnitude effect, episodic future thinking). VMPFC damage abolished the magnitude effect, but not a modulation of discounting via future thinking, a finding of interest to cognitive neuroscientists working on prospection, decision-making and executive control.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

This manuscript is of broad interest to readers in the field of human vision and its cortical topography as well as behavioral and genetic links. The investigation of the neurobiological basis of visual task performance asymmetries represents an important contribution to our understanding of how visual system architecture shapes perception. The key claims of the manuscript are well supported by the data, and the approaches used are thoughtful and rigorous.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewers #1, #2, and #3 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

This manuscript builds upon the recent observation that Schwann cell (SC)-specific loss of the mitochondrial protein Prohibitin-1 results in a rapid, progressive demyelinating peripheral neuropathy in mice associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. They establish pathways as downstream effectors of mitochondrial dysfunction in Schwann cells. The authors provide a comprehensive evaluation of these pathways following the loss of Prophibitin-1 and identify JUN and mTORC1 as potential mediators of myelin disruption.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

Sitaraman and colleagues address the fundamental question of whether gap junctions facilitate the formation of chemical synapses. To do so they test the function of the gap junction protein, Gjd2b, in early stages of synaptogenesis in larval Zebrafish cerebellar Purkinje neurons. They provide convincing evidence that Gjd2b is necessary for the development of glutamatergic synapses and dendritic arbor growth Purkinje neurons in vivo and that CaMKII plays a role in regulating arbor development. This study will be an important contribution to our understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying brain development.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

Light and light perception are important factors that modulate several aspects of behavior and physiology in all animals, including humans. More specifically, the paper examines circadian cycling of phototransduction regulators in diurnal zebrafish and nocturnal mice, and links them to function at the level of ERGs. Interestingly, the transcriptional cycling is shifted between zebrafish and mice. This work is of relevance to vision researchers, but also of interest to a broader audience of behavioral (neuro)scientists and chronobiologists.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their names with the authors.)