Neuroscience

Interpreting wide-band neural activity using convolutional neural networks

1. Markus Frey
2. Sander Tanni
3. Catherine Perrodin
4. Alice O'Leary
5. Matthias Nau
6. Jack Kelly
7. Andrea Banino
8. Daniel Bendor
9. Julie Lefort
10. Christian F Doeller
11. Caswell Barry

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Frey et al. describe a convolutional neural network capable of extracting behavioral correlates from wide-band LFP recordings or even lower-frequency imaging data. The analysis program described by the authors provides a rapid "first pass" analysis using raw, unprocessed data to generate hypotheses that can be tested later with conventional in-depth analyses. This approach is of real value to the community, particularly as it becomes more commonplace for labs to acquire multi-site in vivo recordings.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Oligodendrocytes depend on MCL-1 to prevent spontaneous apoptosis and white matter degeneration

1. Abigail H. Cleveland
2. Alejandra Romero-Morales
3. Laurent Alfonso Azcona
4. Melisa Herrero
5. Viktoriya D. Nikolova
6. Sheryl Moy
7. Orna Elroy-Stein
8. Vivian Gama
9. Timothy R. Gershon

Reviewed by Review Commons

A connectome of the Drosophila central complex reveals network motifs suitable for flexible navigation and context-dependent action selection

1. Brad K Hulse
2. Hannah Haberkern
3. Romain Franconville
4. Daniel Turner-Evans
5. Shin-ya Takemura
6. Tanya Wolff
7. Marcella Noorman
8. Marisa Dreher
9. Chuntao Dan
10. Ruchi Parekh
11. Ann M Hermundstad
12. Gerald M Rubin
13. Vivek Jayaraman

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  It is difficult to overestimate the importance of this paper. The full connectome of the Drosophila central complex is both the beginning and the end of an era. It provides the first comprehensive dataset of arguably the most enigmatic brain region in the insect brain. This endeavor has generated ground truth data for years of functional work on the neural circuits the connectome outlines and constitutes an unparalleled foundation for exploring the structure function relations in nervous systems in general. While significantly going beyond models of central-complex function that existed previously, the authors have to be much credited for incorporating huge amounts of existing knowledge and data into their interpretations, not only work from Drosophila, but also from many other insects. This effort makes this paper not only an invaluable resource on the connectome of the Drosophila central complex, but also a most comprehensive review on the current state of the art in central-complex research. This unifying approach of the paper clearly marks a reset of central-complex research, essentially providing a starting point of hundreds of new lines of enquiry, probably for decades to come.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #2 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

The interaction between endogenous GABA, functional connectivity and behavioral flexibility is critically altered with advanced age

1. Kirstin-Friederike Heise
2. Laura Rueda-Delgado
3. Sima Chalavi
4. Bradley R. King
5. Thiago Santos Monteiro
6. Richard A. E. Edden
7. Dante Mantini
8. Stephan P. Swinnen

Reviewed by eLife

Separable pupillary signatures of perception and action during perceptual multistability

1. Jan W Brascamp
2. Gilles de Hollander
3. Michael D Wertheimer
4. Ashley N DePew
5. Tomas Knapen

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Pupillometry is an increasingly accessible tool for the non-invasive readout of brain activity. However, our understanding of pupil-control circuits and of the relationship between changes in pupil size and perception, cognition or action is incomplete. Therefore, any measurements that further this understanding are of great interest to a wide audience in psychology and neurobiology. This study used pupillometry to explore the neural processing underlying perception and dissociate them from action-related neural processing. Results reveal changes in pupil size that are reliably different depending on the task. Such approaches can be very useful in deciphering which of the myriad factors that can affect pupil size are active under specific, controlled conditions.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer 3 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Circuit organization of the excitatory sensorimotor loop through hand/forelimb S1 and M1

1. Naoki Yamawaki
2. Martinna G. Raineri Tapies
3. Austin M. Stults
4. Gregory A. Smith
5. Gordon M. G. Shepherd

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper will be of interest to those studying the sensorimotor functions of the hand and forelimb. It traces the anatomy and strength of excitatory pathways from the spinal cord, through the brainstem, thalamus, somatosensory and motor cortex, and descending outputs. The methods are contemporary, and include multiple viral tracing, genetic targeting, and transsynaptic strategies, optogenetic and electrophysiological methods; the data are compelling; and the paper is clear and concise.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Modeling spinal locomotor circuits for movements in developing zebrafish

1. Yann Roussel
2. Stephanie F Gaudreau
3. Emily R Kacer
4. Mohini Sengupta
5. Tuan V Bui

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  In this manuscript, Roussel et al., build models of spinal networks capable of generating coiling and swimming behaviors of embryonic and larval zebrafish. The models use details obtained from earlier experimental studies and insert novel network elements, thus providing testable ideas for rhythm generation. The study will be of high value to those interested in motor pattern generation in general and zebrafish spinal cord function in specific.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Enhanced functional detection of synaptic calcium-permeable AMPA receptors using intracellular NASPM

1. Ian Coombs
2. Cécile Bats
3. Craig A Sexton
4. Dorota Studniarczyk
5. Stuart G Cull-Candy
6. Mark Farrant

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Here the authors identify that inclusion of intracellular NASPM can fully block Ca-permeable AMPA receptors regardless of association with auxiliary subunits. The distinction between Ca-permeable and Ca-impermeable AMPA receptors is critical to synaptic physiology, and thus these results will be of interest within the field of excitatory synaptic transmission. The data is of high quality and the experimental analysis is rigorous, but the key claim that the approach provides an unambiguous functional measure of CP-AMPAR prevalence has not been fully supported.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Impaired spatial learning and suppression of sharp wave ripples by cholinergic activation at the goal location

1. Przemyslaw Jarzebowski
2. Clara S. Tang
3. Ole Paulsen
4. Y. Audrey Hay

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper is of interest for those interested in the roles of cholinergic projections from the medial septum and sharp wave-ripples on reward learning. The work provides compelling evidence showing that activation of septal cholinergic cells at reward zones suppresses sharp wave-ripples and impairs memory performance in freely behaving animals. The work extends our knowledge of the effect of medial septum cholinergic inputs on hippocampal dependent spatial memory formation.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Distinct higher-order representations of natural sounds in human and ferret auditory cortex

1. Agnès Landemard
2. Célian Bimbard
3. Charlie Demené
4. Shihab Shamma
5. Sam Norman-Haignere
6. Yves Boubenec

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Landemard et al. compare the response properties of primary vs. non-primary auditory cortex in ferrets with respect to natural and model-matched sounds, using functional ultrasound imaging. They find that responses do not differentiate between natural and model-matched sounds across ferret auditory cortex; in contrast, by drawing on previously published data in humans, the authors suggest that this is a defining distinction between human and non-human auditory cortex.

  This was found to be a very nice study and with interesting results that are applicable to the general neuroscience community. The analyses are conducted well and a wealth of results are included, including findings for individual subjects and hemispheres (in supplementary figures). Concerns involved the size of the data set (only 2 animals), and some more explanation was needed with respect to data analysis choices.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #2 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife