Neuroscience

Subcellular proteomics of dopamine neurons in the mouse brain

1. Benjamin D Hobson
2. Se Joon Choi
3. Eugene V Mosharov
4. Rajesh K Soni
5. David Sulzer
6. Peter A Sims

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  In this work, the authors provide a useful compendium of proteins labeled within SNpc dopaminergic cells using a novel approach. AAV virus was used to conditional express the APEX2 enzyme in dopaminergic neurons (based on DAT-1 Cre genetic technology) to rapidly biotinylate nearby proteins in oriented sections of brain whereby the striatonigral circuit can be spatially parsed for proteomic dissection. In addition to providing a useful new database of proteins for investigators interested in this circuit, the results also provide a more general approach to examining a compartment proteome in neurons and what might be expected in that analysis.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

SARS-CoV-2 promotes microglial synapse elimination in human brain organoids

1. Samudyata
2. Ana O. Oliveira
3. Susmita Malwade
4. Nuno Rufino de Sousa
5. Sravan K. Goparaju
6. Jessica Gracias
7. Funda Orhan
8. Laura Steponaviciute
9. Martin Schalling
10. Steven D. Sheridan
11. Roy H. Perlis
12. Antonio G. Rothfuchs
13. Carl M. Sellgren

Reviewed by ScreenIT

Functional independence of endogenous μ- and δ-opioid receptors co-expressed in cholinergic interneurons

1. Seksiri Arttamangkul
2. Emily J Platt
3. James Carroll
4. David Farrens

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This study is significant because it addresses a debated question in the field about whether different opioid receptor subtypes expressed in the same cells must function as a unit or function independently. Here the authors show that while mu and delta opioid receptors each signals in a similar manner in response to specific treatments, their interactions are largely independent of one another in modulating the firing and regulation by desensitization and internalization mechanisms in striatal cholinergic interneurons.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Persistent Firing Neurons in the Medial Septum Drive Arousal and Locomotion

1. Endre Levente Marosi
2. Karolina Korvasova
3. Felix Ludwig
4. Hiroshi Kaneko
5. Liudmila Sosulina
6. Tom Tetzlaff
7. Stefan Remy
8. Sanja Mikulovic

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper suggest that that intrinsically generated persistent firing activity of medial septal glutamatergic (VGluT2+) neurons underlies initiation of locomotor activity. In this work, the authors provide evidence for a non-canonical role for persistent firing in initiating locomotion by performing a series of technically difficult experiments to dissect the circuit mechanisms of the persistent firing. This manuscript will be of interest to readers in the field of spatial navigation, motor control, and neural network dynamics.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #2 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Homotopic contralesional excitation suppresses spontaneous circuit repair and global network reconnections following ischemic stroke

1. Annie R Bice
2. Qingli Xiao
3. Justin Kong
4. Ping Yan
5. Zachary Pollack Rosenthal
6. Andrew W Kraft
7. Karen P Smith
8. Tadeusz Wieloch
9. Jin-Moo Lee
10. Joseph P Culver
11. Adam Q Bauer

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Bice et al. present new work using an optogenetics-based stimulation to test how this affects stroke recovery in mice. Namely, can they determine if contralateral stimulation of S1 would enhance or hinder recovery after a stroke? They found that stimulation of the cortex contralateral to the site of stroke impairs recovery from this stroke, and impairs the brain mapping and the connectivity that normally emerges in recovery from stroke. This unexpected finding in a mouse model relates to clinical literature on the role of the contralateral cortex in recovery.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

The BigBrainWarp toolbox for integration of BigBrain 3D histology with multimodal neuroimaging

1. Casey Paquola
2. Jessica Royer
3. Lindsay B Lewis
4. Claude Lepage
5. Tristan Glatard
6. Konrad Wagstyl
7. Jordan DeKraker
8. Paule-J Toussaint
9. Sofie L Valk
10. Louis Collins
11. Ali R Khan
12. Katrin Amunts
13. Alan C Evans
14. Timo Dickscheid
15. Boris Bernhardt

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  The manuscript introduces a new tool - BigBrainWarp - which consolidates several of the tools used to analyse BigBrain into a single, easy to use and well documented tool. The BigBrain project produced the first open, high-resolution cell-scale histological atlas of a whole human brain. The tool presented here should make it easy for any researcher to use the wealth of information available in the BigBrain for the annotation of their own neuroimaging data. This is an important resource, with diverse tutorials demonstrating broad application.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1, Reviewer #2 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Multiple timescales of sensory-evidence accumulation across the dorsal cortex

1. Lucas Pinto
2. David W Tank
3. Carlos D Brody

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Previous studies have indicated that neurons in different cortical areas have different intrinsic timescales. In this study, Pinto and colleagues aimed at establishing the functional significance of intrinsic timescales across cortical regions by performing optogenetic silencing of cortical areas in an evidence accumulation task in mice. The results are of broad interest, but the reviewers identified a few important issues that need to be addressed to validate the authors' conclusions.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

A projectome of the bumblebee central complex

1. Marcel Ethan Sayre
2. Rachel Templin
3. Johanna Chavez
4. Julian Kempenaers
5. Stanley Heinze

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper addresses researchers interested in architecture and function of the insect central complex as it represents the first comprehensive projectome dataset of any central complex outside Drosophila. The authors use the bumblebee as representative for hymenopterans with their navigation skills. Further, they mine their data for conserved and diverged aspects compared to fly (Drosophila) knowledge and hypothesize how the differences may relate to diverged neural circuit function. Hence, they provide an excellent and comprehensive descriptive resource providing a point of reference for others and a starting point for comparative studies of neural circuits. In particular, this study is the first comprehensive description of columnar neurons in the bumblebee central complex, described through the lens of the recently published fruit fly connectome of the same, homologous neuropil. The comparative approach used here holds promise for describing neural circuits in bees and flies in shared frame of reference. The authors use an approach that reflects a compromise between quick collection of electron microscopy (EM) data and being able to fully reconstruct all neurons in the bumble bee's central complex. The authors are transparent about the method's limitations and draw appropriate conclusions.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #2 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Convergent and divergent brain structural and functional abnormalities associated with developmental dyslexia

1. Xiaohui Yan
2. Ke Jiang
3. Hui Li
4. Ziyi Wang
5. Kyle Perkins
6. Fan Cao

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  In this rigorously conducted meta-analytic study, the authors investigated the functional and structural abnormalities associated with developmental dyslexia across languages. Convergent and divergent functional and structural changes as well as language-universal and language-specific brain alternations related to dyslexia are found. In general, the study has generated important results and the findings are of interest to readers in educational psychology/neuroscience fields, especially those focusing on reading development and dyslexia. The analytic approach used in this study is cutting-edge, the data support the main claims, and a detailed discussion is presented.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Switch-like and persistent memory formation in individual Drosophila larvae

1. Amanda Lesar
2. Javan Tahir
3. Jason Wolk
4. Marc Gershow

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  The authors perform a tour-de-force study of classical conditioning in fly larvae. Experiments are original, findings are exciting, and we expect this paper to have a substantial impact. There is potentially an issue in the assay of larvae preference taking an hour of unrewarded presentation of CO2, while the training and extinction happen on much shorter scales, muddying the ability to interpret the results. A mathematical model of the conditioning process is also missing, which also makes interpretation harder.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife