Neuroscience

In-situ glial cell-surface proteomics identifies pro-longevity factors in Drosophila

1. Madeline P. Marques
2. Bo Sun
3. Ye-Jin Park
4. Tyler Jackson
5. Tzu-Chiao Lu
6. Yanyan Qi
7. Erin Harrison
8. Miranda C. Wang
9. Kartik Venkatachalam
10. Omar Moussa Pasha
11. Amogh Varanasi
12. Dominique Kiki Carey
13. D.R. Mani
14. Jonathan Zirin
15. Mujeeb Qadiri
16. Yanhui Hu
17. Norbert Perrimon
18. Steven A. Carr
19. Namrata D. Udeshi
20. Liqun Luo
21. Jiefu Li
22. Hongjie Li

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  Combining state-of-the-art in-situ cell-surface proteomics, functional genetic screening, and single-nucleus RNA sequencing, this fundamental work substantially advances our understanding of glial contributions to organismal lifespan. The evidence supporting the conclusions is compelling, although additional clarification, control experiments, and analysis would further strengthen the study. The work will be of broad interest to researchers studying aging biology, glia-neuron communication, and in vivo proteomic profiling.

Reviewed by eLife

Protein Synthesis Blockade Prevents Fear Memory Reactivation via Inhibition of Engram Synapse Strengthening

1. Ilgang Hong
2. Yeonjun Kim
3. Hyunsu Jung
4. Chang-Ho Kim
5. Jun-Hyeong Cho
6. Bong-Kiun Kaang

Reviewed by PREreview

Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy improves outcomes in a clinically relevant mouse model of multiple sulfatase deficiency

1. Vi Pham
2. Lucas Tricoli
3. Xinying Hong
4. Parith Wongkittichote
5. Carlo Castruccio Castracani
6. Amaliris Guerra
7. Lars Schlotawa
8. Laura A. Adang
9. Amanda Kuhs
10. Margaret M. Cassidy
11. Owen Kane
12. Emily Tsai
13. Maximiliano Presa
14. Cathleen Lutz
15. Stefano B. Rivella
16. Rebecca C. Ahrens-Nicklas

Reviewed by Arcadia Science

Causal evidence for a domain-specific role of left superior frontal sulcus in human perceptual decision making

1. Miguel Barretto García
2. Marcus Grueschow
3. Marius Moisa
4. Rafael Polania
5. Christian C Ruff

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  In this important paper, Garcia et al seek to determine whether the superior frontal sulcus (SFS), an area previously implicated in evidence accumulation for perceptual decisions, plays a causal role in perceptual and/or value-based decisions. Through a combination of careful paradigm design, computational modelling, transcranial magnetic stimulation and fMRI analyses, the authors provide convincing evidence that the SFS supports perceptual but not value-based decisions and that its disruption leads to a lowering of decision boundaries.

Reviewed by eLife

Regional heterogeneities of oligodendrocytes underlie biased Ranvier node spacing along single axons in sound localization circuit

1. Ryo Egawa
2. Kota Hiraga
3. Ryosuke Matsui
4. Dai Watanabe
5. Hiroshi Kuba

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study uses the delay line axon model in the chick brainstem auditory circuit to examine the interactions between oligodendrocytes and axons in the formation of internodal distances. This is a significant and actively studied topic, and the authors have used this preparation to support the hypothesis that regional heterogeneity in oligodendrocytes underlies the observed variation in internodal length. In a solid series of experiments, the authors have used enhanced tetanus neurotoxin light chains, a genetically encoded silencing tool, to inhibit vesicular release from axons and support the hypothesis that regional heterogeneity among oligodendrocytes may underlie the biased nodal spacing pattern in the sound localization circuit.

  [Editors' note: this paper was reviewed by Review Commons.]

Reviewed by eLife, Review Commons

Dual-modal metabolic analysis reveals hypothermia-reversible uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in neonatal brain hypoxia-ischemia

1. Naidi Sun
2. Yu-Yo Sun
3. Rui Cao
4. Hong-Ru Chen
5. Yiming Wang
6. Elizabeth Fugate
7. Marchelle R Smucker
8. Yi-Min Kuo
9. P Ellen Grant
10. Diana M Lindquist
11. Chia-Yi Kuan
12. Song Hu

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This is an important study that utilized in vivo optical measurements of the cortical metabolic rate of O2 and blood flow, as well as measurements in isolated mitochondria to assess the uncoupling of the oxidative phosphorylation due to hypoxia-ischemia injury of the neonatal brain, and effects of the hypothermia treatment. The combination of state-of-the-art optical measurements, mitochondrial assays, and the use of various control experiments provides convincing evidence for the derived conclusions. This work will be of interest to those in the mitochrondrial metabolomics, brain injury and hypoxia fields.

Reviewed by eLife

Phase-specific premotor inhibition modulates leech rhythmic motor output

1. Martina Radice
2. Agustín Sanchez Merlinsky
3. Federico Yulita
4. Lidia Szczupak

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The medicinal leech preparation is an amenable system in which to understand the neural basis of locomotion. Here a previously identified non-spiking neuron was studied in leech and found to alter the mean firing frequency of a crawl-related motoneuron, which fires during the contraction phase of crawling. The findings are valuable and the experiments were diligently done and considered solid. The results lay a foundation for additional studies in this system.

Reviewed by eLife

The basolateral amygdala complex and perirhinal cortex represent focal and peripheral states of information processing in rats

1. Francesca S Wong
2. A Simon Killcross
3. R Fred Westbrook
4. Nathan M Holmes

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important Research Advance builds on the authors' previous work delineating the roles of the rodent perirhinal cortex and the basolateral amygdala in first- and second-order learning. The convincing results show that serial exposure of non-motivationally relevant stimuli influences how those stimuli are encoded within the perirhinal cortex and basolateral amygdala when paired with a shock. This manuscript will be interesting for researchers in cognitive and behavioral neuroscience.

Reviewed by eLife

How Occam’s razor guides human decision-making

1. Eugenio Piasini
2. Shuze Liu
3. Pratik Chaudhari
4. Vijay Balasubramanian
5. Joshua I Gold

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study presents an important new approach to quantifying parsimony preferences in human inference. The work provides convincing evidence that humans are sensitive to specific formalizations of parsimony, such as the dimensionality of perceptual shapes. The work is considered timely, well-written, and technically sophisticated, effectively bridging concepts from statistical inference and human decision-making.

Reviewed by eLife

EEG decodability of facial expressions and their stereoscopic depth cues in immersive virtual reality

1. Felix Klotzsche
2. Ammara Nasim
3. Simon M Hofmann
4. Arno Villringer
5. Vadim Nikulin
6. Werner Sommer
7. Michael Gaebler

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This valuable study successfully decoded visual representations of facial expressions and stereoscopic depth information from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals recorded in an immersive virtual reality (VR) environment. The evidence is solid in demonstrating the technical feasibility of integrating state-of-the-art EEG decoding and VR with eye tracking. This work will interest neuroscience researchers, as well as engineers developing brain-machine interfaces and/or virtual reality displays.

Reviewed by eLife