Neuroscience

High-Fidelity Neural Speech Reconstruction through an Efficient Acoustic-Linguistic Dual-Pathway Framework

1. Jiawei Li
2. Chunxu Guo
3. Chao Zhang
4. Edward F Chang
5. Yuanning Li

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study presents a valuable advance in reconstructing naturalistic speech from intracranial ECoG data using a dual-pathway model. The evidence supporting the claims of the authors is solid. This work will be of interest to cognitive neuroscientists and computer scientists/engineers working on speech reconstruction from neural data.

Reviewed by eLife

Resolving synaptic events using subsynaptically targeted GCaMP8 variants

1. Jiawen Chen
2. Junhao Lin
3. Kaikai He
4. Luyi Wang
5. Yifu Han
6. Chengjie Qiu
7. Jasmine M Wheeler
8. Catherine M Daly
9. Gregory T Macleod
10. Dion Dickman

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  In this important study, the authors engineered and characterised novel genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) and an analytical tool (CaFire) capable of reporting and quantifying various sub-synaptic events, including miniature synaptic events, with a speed and sensitivity approaching that of intracellular electrophysiological recordings. They present compelling data validating this toolset, which will be of interest to neurobiologists studying synaptic calcium dynamics in various model systems.

Reviewed by eLife

Precision cutaneous stimulation in freely moving mice

1. Isobel Parkes
2. Ara Schorscher-Petcu
3. Qinyi Gan
4. Liam E Browne

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study combines real-time key point tracking with transdermal activation of sensory neurons as a general technique to explore how somatosensory stimulation impacts behavior in freely moving mice. After addressing concerns about classification of the behavioral responses to nociceptor stimulation, the authors now convincingly demonstrate a state-dependence in the behavioral response following nociceptor activation, highlighting how their real-time optogenetic stimulation capabilities can yield new insights into complex sensory processing. This work is a technological advancement that will be of interest to a broad readership, in particular labs studying somatosensation, enabling rigorous investigation of behaviors that were previously difficult or impossible to study.

Reviewed by eLife

Alpha-Band Phase Modulates Perceptual Sensitivity by Changing Internal Noise and Sensory Tuning

1. April Pilipenko
2. Alexandra Mcgowan
3. Jason Samaha

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study explores how the phase of neural oscillations in the alpha band affects visual perception, indicating that perceptual performance varies due to changes in sensory precision rather than decision bias. The evidence is solid in its experimental design and analytical approach, although the limited sample size restricts the generalizability of the findings. This work should interest cognitive neuroscientists who study perception and decision-making.

Reviewed by eLife

Deep learning-driven characterization of single cell tuning in primate visual area V4 supports topological organization

1. Konstantin F Willeke
2. Kelli Restivo
3. Katrin Franke
4. Arne F Nix
5. Santiago A Cadena
6. Tori Shinn
7. Cate Nealley
8. Gabrielle Rodriguez
9. Saumil Patel
10. Alexander S Ecker
11. Fabian H Sinz
12. Andreas S Tolias

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study addresses a key, long-standing question about how visual feature selectivity is organized in mid-level visual cortex, using an ambitious combination of large-scale neural recordings and image synthesis. It provides important insights into the complexity of single-neuron selectivity and suggests a structured organization across cortical depth. While the evidence is generally solid and technically impressive, several key claims would be strengthened by additional controls, particularly regarding the sources of similarity across neurons and the dependence of the results on modeling choices.

Reviewed by eLife

Complex environmental cycles reveal evolution of circadian activity waveform and thermosensitive timeless splicing

1. Pragya Niraj Sharma
2. Vasu Sheeba

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study examines how mismatched light and temperature cycles shape Drosophila locomotor timing and temperature-dependent timeless splicing, and leverages long-term early/late selection lines to probe evolutionary plasticity. The strength of evidence is incomplete at present, mainly because startle/masking under step cues could confound the behavioural readouts, and tim's involvement remains correlative. The authors should address masking in the behaviour analyses and provide causal support for tim's role.

Reviewed by eLife

Skull Bone Marrow Drainage and Its Associations with Inflammation, Sleep Quality, and Cognitive Performance

1. Ying Zhou
2. Haidi Jin
3. Xiao Zhu
4. Yifei Li
5. Ziyu Zhou
6. Xin Huang
7. Huihong Ke
8. Mengmeng Fang
9. Jianzhong Sun
10. Min Lou

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This is a well-executed intrathecal MRI tracer study that provides valuable early in vivo evidence for CSF drainage into human skull bone marrow and explores clinically relevant associations using robust imaging methodology and regional analyses. However, the evidence supporting the interpretation of early (4 h) tracer signal as impaired clearance is incomplete, and appears difficult to reconcile with established CSF tracer kinetics. They also note that the reported links to sleep and cognitive performance are weakened by reliance on subjective, retrospective questionnaires rather than objective physiological measurements.

Reviewed by eLife

Detecting Regime Shifts: Neurocomputational Substrates for Over- and Underreactions to Change

1. Mu-Chen Wang
2. George Wu
3. Shih-Wei Wu

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study offers valuable insights into how humans detect and adapt to regime shifts, highlighting dissociable contributions of the frontoparietal network and ventromedial prefrontal cortex to sensitivity to signal diagnosticity and transition probabilities. The combination of an innovative instructed-probability task, Bayesian behavioural modeling, and model-based fMRI analyses provides a solid foundation for the main claims; however, major interpretational limitations remain, particularly a potential confound between posterior switch probability and time in the neuroimaging results. At the behavioural level, reliance on explicitly instructed conditional probabilities leaves open alternative explanations that complicate attribution to a single computational mechanism, such that clearer disambiguation between competing accounts and stronger control of temporal and representational confounds would further strengthen the evidence.

Reviewed by eLife

Domain-adaptive matching bridges synthetic and in vivo neural dynamics for neural circuit connectivity inference

1. Kaiwen Sheng
2. Shanghang Zhang
3. Shenjian Zhang
4. Yutao He
5. Maxime Beau
6. Peng Qu
7. Xiaofei Liu
8. Youhui Zhang
9. Lei Ma
10. Kai Du

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This article reports an algorithm for inferring the presence of synaptic connection between neurons based on naturally occurring spiking activity of a neuronal network. One key improvement is to combine self-supervised and synthetic approaches to learn to focus on features that generalize to the conditions of the observed network. This valuable contribution is currently supported by incomplete evidence.

Reviewed by eLife

The UAP56 mRNA Export Factor is Required for Dendrite and Synapse Pruning via Actin Regulation in Drosophila

1. Samuel Matthew Frommeyer
2. Ulrike Gigengack
3. Sandra Rode
4. Matthew Davies
5. Sebastian Rumpf

Reviewed by Review Commons