Neuroscience

On CA1 ripple oscillations in rats and the reassessment of asynchronicity evidence

1. Robson Scheffer-Teixeira
2. Adriano BL Tort

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study provides new insights into the synchronization of ripple oscillations in the hippocampus, both within and across hemispheres. Using carefully designed statistical methods, it presents compelling evidence that synchrony is significantly higher within a hemisphere than across. This study will be of interest to neuroscientists studying the hippocampus and memory.

Reviewed by eLife

Human EEG and artificial neural networks reveal disentangled representations and processing timelines of object real-world size and depth in natural images

1. Zitong Lu
2. Julie Golomb

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study combines EEG, neural networks and multivariate pattern analysis to show that real-world size, retinal size and real-world depth are represented at different latencies. The evidence presented is convincing and the work will be of broader interest to the experimental and computational vision community.

Reviewed by eLife

DendroTweaks, an interactive approach for unraveling dendritic dynamics

1. Roman Makarov
2. Spyridon Chavlis
3. Panayiota Poirazi

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  Computational simulation of neuron function depends on a collection of morphological properties and ion channel biophysics. This manuscript introduces DendroTweaks, a valuable web application and Python library that eases interactive exploration, development, and validation of single-neuron models in an easily installable and well-documented package. The authors provide a convincing demonstration that their software aids with building intuition and rapid prototyping of biophysical models of neurons, which improves the accessibility of dendritic simulation.

Reviewed by eLife

Distinct representational properties of cues and contexts shape fear and reversal learning

1. Antoine Bouyeure
2. Daniel Pacheco-Estefan
3. George Jacob
4. Malte Kobelt
5. Marie-Christin Fellner
6. Jonas Rose
7. Nikolai Axmacher

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This is an important study with convincing evidence that multi-voxel fMRI activity patterns for threat-conditioned stimuli are altered by learning CS-US contingencies. The analyses are dense, but rigorous. The protocol is quite nuanced and complex, but the authors have done a fair job of explaining and presenting the results. The work is relevant for our understanding of how effective learning changes neural stimulus representation in the human brain.

Reviewed by eLife

The influence of nucleus accumbens shell D1 and D2 neurons on outcome-specific Pavlovian instrumental transfer

1. Octavia Soegyono
2. Elise Pepin
3. Beatrice K Leung
4. Billy Chieng
5. Bernard W Balleine
6. Vincent Laurent

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study provides novel and convincing evidence that both dopamine D1 and D2 expressing neurons in the nucleus accumbens shell are crucial for the expression of cue-guided action selection, a core component of decision-making. The research is systematic and rigorous in using optogenetic inhibition of either D1- or D2-expressing medium spiny neurons in the NAc shell to reveal attenuation of sensory-specific Pavlovian-Instrumental transfer, while largely sparing value-based decision on an instrumental task. The important findings in this report build on prior research and resolve some conflicts in the literature regarding decision-making.

Reviewed by eLife

Cerebellar Purkinje cell stripe patterns reveal a differential vulnerability and resistance to cell loss during normal aging in mice

1. Sarah G Donofrio
2. Cheryl Brandenburg
3. Amanda M Brown
4. Tao Lin
5. Hsiang-Chih Lu
6. Roy V Sillitoe

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study presents findings on the patterned loss of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum during aging. The compelling data nicely support the conclusions of this study. This work advances understanding of mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration with aging and provides the basis for development of treatments for age-related neurological disorders.

Reviewed by eLife

Combined transcriptomic, connectivity, and activity profiling of the medial amygdala using highly amplified multiplexed in situ hybridization (hamFISH)

1. Mathew D Edwards
2. Ziwei Yin
3. Risa Sueda
4. Alina Gubanova
5. Chang S Xu
6. Virág Lakner
7. Megan Murchie
8. Chi-Yu Lee
9. Kristal Ng
10. Karolina Farrell
11. Rupert Faraway
12. Subham Ganguly
13. Elina Jacobs
14. Bogdan Bintu
15. Yoh Isogai

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The study presents important findings that are highly relevant for research aiming to combine transcriptomics, connectivity studies, and activity profiling in the rodent brain and the revisions improve the study. The evidence overall remains convincing as the authors use appropriate and validated methodology in line with current state-of-the-art.

Reviewed by eLife

Neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex are involved in spatial tuning and signaling upcoming choice independently from hippocampal sharp-wave ripples

1. Hanna den Bakker
2. Fabian Kloosterman

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This useful study reports analyses of Neuropixel recordings in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats in a spatial navigation trial, focusing on classifying prefrontal neurons based on SWR modulation and anatomical location. Reviewers were unconvinced by the presented evidence for the claim that distinct populations of mPFC neurons participate in non-local ensemble representations during SWR and non-SWR periods, and were unconvinced by the presented evidence for a previously unrecognized anatomical distinction between these populations. Further analyses might strengthen the incomplete evidence for some conclusions, and some of the strong claims of the paper should likely be moderated.

Reviewed by eLife

Progressive remote memory decline coincides with parvalbumin interneuron hyperexcitability and enhanced inhibition of cortical engram cells in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

1. Julia J van Adrichem
2. Rolinka J van der Loo
3. Romina Ambrosini Defendi
4. August B Smit
5. Michel C van den Oever
6. Ronald E van Kesteren

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of remote memory impairment in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. The evidence is compelling, with careful use of viral-TRAP labeling and patch-clamp electrophysiology to demonstrate altered inhibitory microcircuit function, though the mechanistic link to memory deficits remains correlative. Overall, the work advances understanding of early circuit-level changes in AD, while highlighting open questions regarding causality and broader network contributions.

Reviewed by eLife

Responses to conflicting binocular stimuli in mouse primary visual cortex

1. Daniel P. Montgomery
2. Daniel A. Bowen
3. Jin Wu
4. Mark F. Bear
5. Eric D. Gaier

Reviewed by preLights