Neuroscience

Executive Resources Shape the Impact of Language Predictability Across the Adult Lifespan

1. Merle Schuckart
2. Sandra Martin
3. Sarah Tune
4. Lea-Maria Schmitt
5. Gesa Hartwigsen
6. Jonas Obleser

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study presents a valuable finding on whether executive resources mediate the impact of language predictability in reading in the context of aging. The presentation of evidence is incomplete; further conceptual clarifications, methodological details, and addressing potential confounds would strengthen the study. The work will be of interest to cognitive neuroscientists working on reading, language comprehension, and executive control.

Reviewed by eLife

Intrinsic and circuit mechanisms of predictive coding in a grid cell network model

1. Inayath Shaikh
2. Collins Assisi

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This valuable study presents a mechanistic model of predictive coding by medial entorhinal cortex grid cells, implemented with biologically detailed conductance-based neurons. The evidence supporting the emergence of this coding scheme from specific membrane currents and the anatomical connectivity among inhibitory neurons is solid. However, the justification for the choice of connectivity patterns and other network parameters remains somewhat incomplete. This work will be of interest to neuroscientists working on spatial navigation, circuit dynamics, and neuronal coding.

Reviewed by eLife

An updated catalogue of split-GAL4 driver lines for descending neurons in Drosophila melanogaster

1. Jessica L Zung
2. Shigehiro Namiki
3. Geoffrey W Meissner
4. Han SJ Cheong
5. Marta Costa
6. Katharina Eichler
7. Tomke Stürner
8. Gregory SXE Jefferis
9. Claire Managan
10. FlyLight Project Team
11. Wyatt Korff
12. Gwyneth M Card

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  Complementing previous work (Namiki et al, 2018), this study provides an important resource for the Drosophila community as it reports 500 lines targeting descending neurons (DN), in addition to compiling 306 existing DN lines from the literature. The compelling work characterizes 146 DNs and makes a critical link with the DNs identified in Electron microscopy (EM). The lines in this paper will be of interest to Drosophila neuroscientists who will be able to use the reported genetic drivers for further functional characterization of DNs and circuit mapping in conjunction with existing EM datasets.

Reviewed by eLife

The influence of temporal context on vision over multiple time scales

1. Kacie Lee
2. Reuben Rideaux

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This fundamental study shows how past experiences shape perception across short, medium, and long time scales, using a single behavioural paradigm and reanalysed EEG data. It provides convincing evidence for two processes across all scales: an attention-dependent mechanism that speeds responses to expected events, and an attention-independent mechanism where expected events are encoded less precisely, consistent with feedforward dampening. The work offers a unifying account of temporal context effects, though stronger brain-behaviour links, integration with serial dependence attraction and repulsion models, and extension to other timescale definitions would further strengthen the contribution.

Reviewed by eLife

Hierarchical Bayesian modeling of multiregion brain cell count data

1. Sydney Dimmock
2. Benjamin MS Exley
3. Gerald Moore
4. Lucy Menage
5. Alessio Delogu
6. Simon R Schultz
7. E Clea Warburton
8. Conor J Houghton
9. Cian O'Donnell

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study proposes an important new approach to analyzing cell-count data, which are often undersampled and cannot be accurately assessed using traditional statistical methods. The case studies presented in the article provide compelling evidence of the superiority of the proposed methodology over existing approaches, which could promote the use of Bayesian statistics among neuroscientists. The authors have taken steps to make the methodology accessible, although some implementation difficulties are likely to remain.

Reviewed by eLife

The Dual Molecular Identity of Vestibular Kinocilia: Bridging Structural and Functional Traits of Primary and Motile Cilia

1. Zhenhang Xu
2. Amirrasoul Tavakoli
3. Samadhi Kulasooriya
4. Huizhan Liu
5. Shu Tu
6. Celia Bloom
7. Yi Li
8. Tirone D Johnson
9. Jian Zuo
10. Litao Tao
11. Bechara Kachar
12. David Z He

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  Using single-cell transcriptomic data from adult mouse inner ear hair cells, the authors identify the differences and similarities of the four hair cell types. They make an important finding: that vestibular hair cells can express many ciliary motility-related genes. Some hair cell kinocilia display motility, suggesting that the kinocilium of vestibular hair cells may function as an active force generator to increase sensitivity. The evidence is incomplete as to whether all kinocilia beat and what the function of kinocilia movement is.

Reviewed by eLife

BetaII-Spectrin Gaps and Patches Emerge from the Patterned Assembly of the Actin/Spectrin Membrane Skeleton in Human Motor Neuron Axons

1. Nahir Guadalupe Gazal
2. Maria Jose Castellanos-Montiel
3. Guillermina Bruno
4. Anna Kristina Franco-Flores
5. Sarah Lépine
6. Lale Gursu
7. Ghazal Haghi
8. Gilles Maussion
9. Agustín Anastasía
10. Mariano Bisbal
11. Ezequiel Axel Gorostiza
12. Thomas M Durcan
13. Nicolás Unsain

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This valuable study characterizes the emergence of the membrane-associated periodic cytoskeleton (MPS) in the axons of human motor neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Super-resolution imaging of beta-II spectrin provides convincing evidence for the patterned assembly of spectrin-poor gaps and spectrin-rich MPS in the medial region of the axons and its enhancement by the kinase inhibitor staurosporine. The data advocates against gap formation by cytoskeleton disassembly in a continuous MPS. Instead, a continuous MPS may result from nascent MPS patches and their maturation, a model that would benefit from live imaging for validation.

Reviewed by eLife

A novel rhodopsin-based voltage indicator for simultaneous two-photon optical recording with GCaMP in vivo

1. Vincent Villette
2. Shang Yang
3. Rosario Valenti
4. John J. Macklin
5. Jonathan Bradley
6. Benjamin Mathieu
7. Alberto Lombardini
8. Kaspar Podgorski
9. Stéphane Dieudonné
10. Eric R. Schreiter
11. Ahmed S. Abdelfattah

Reviewed by PREreview

Observational activation of anterior cingulate cortical neurons coordinates hippocampal replay in social learning

1. Xiang Mou
2. Daoyun Ji

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study provides convincing evidence of coordinated spiking activity of neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and correlated activity in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus, during observational learning. The authors also show coordinated ACC-CA1 neural activity during rest periods prior to the performance of the observationally learned task. The important findings significantly advance the field's understanding of neural mechanisms underlying social learning.

Reviewed by eLife

Adaptive optical correction for in vivo two-photon fluorescence microscopy with neural fields

1. Iksung Kang
2. Hyeonggeon Kim
3. Ryan Natan
4. Qinrong Zhang
5. Stella X. Yu
6. Na Ji

Reviewed by PREreview