Neuroscience

Control of innate olfactory valence by segregated cortical amygdala circuits

1. James R Howe
2. Chung Lung Chan
3. Donghyung Lee
4. Marlon Blanquart
5. James H Lee
6. Laurine Decoster
7. Haylie K Romero
8. Abigail N Zadina
9. Mackenzie E Lemieux
10. Fergil Mills
11. Paula A Desplats
12. Kay M Tye
13. Cory M Root

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This fundamental manuscript describes how the posterolateral cortical amygdala (plCoA) generates appetitive or aversive behaviors in response to odors. By combining optogenetic stimulation, single-cell RNA sequencing, and spatial analysis, the authors identify a topographically organized circuit within plCoA that governs these behaviors. The manuscript shows convincingly that multiple features (spatial, genetic, and projection) contribute to overall population encoding of valence. Overall, the authors conduct many challenging experiments, each of which contains the relevant controls, and the results are interpreted within the framework of their experiments.

Reviewed by eLife

Temporal dynamics of peri-microsaccadic modulations within the foveola

1. Zoe Stearns
2. Martina Poletti

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  Stearns and Poletti present a technically impressive study that aims to uncover a deeper understanding of microsaccade function: their role in perceptual modulation and the associated temporal dynamics. The question is useful, and advances prior work by adding temporal granularity. However, the strength of the evidence is currently incomplete. Additional analysis is needed to control for the effects of endogenous attention and to demonstrate changes in perceptual performance.

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Descending locus coeruleus noradrenergic signaling to spinal astrocyte subset is required for stress-induced mechanical pain hypersensitivity

1. Riku Kawanabe-Kobayashi
2. Sawako Uchiyama
3. Kohei Yoshihara
4. Keisuke Koga
5. Daiki Kojima
6. Thomas J McHugh
7. Izuho Hatada
8. Ko Matsui
9. Kenji F Tanaka
10. Makoto Tsuda

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study identifies a novel role for Hes5+ astrocytes in modulating the activity of descending pain-inhibitory noradrenergic neurons from the locus coeruleus during stress-induced pain facilitation. The role of glia in modulating neurological circuits including pain is poorly understood, and in that light, the role of Hes5+ astrocytes in this circuit is a key finding with broader potential impacts. This work is supported by convincing evidence, albeit somewhat limited by the indirect nature of the evidence linking adenosine to nearby neuronal modulation, and possible questions on the population specificity of the transgenic approach.

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Mixture discrimination training induces durable and generalizable olfactory learning independent of odorant structure and concentration

1. Xiaoyue Chang
2. Huibang Tan
3. Jiehui Niu
4. Kaiqi Yuan
5. Rui Chen
6. Wen Zhou

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This potentially important study explores the specificity of olfactory perceptual learning. In keeping with previous work, the authors found that learning to discriminate between two enantiomers does not generalize across the nostrils or to unrelated enantiomers, whereas learning to discriminate odor mixtures does generalize across the nostrils and to other odor mixtures, with this learning effect persisting over at least two weeks. While the evidence presented to support these findings is convincing, it remains unclear why the results differ for enantiomers and why training on odor mixtures generalizes to other odor mixtures.

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The distinct role of human PIT in attention control

1. Siyuan Huang
2. Lan Wang
3. Sheng He

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study reports that the human posterior inferotemporal cortex (hPIT) functions as an attentional priority map, integrating both top-down and bottom-up attentional signals rather than serving solely as an object-processing region. The experiments and analyses are well conducted and provide compelling evidence that hPIT bridges dorsal and ventral attention networks and is robustly modulated by attention across diverse visual tasks. The study will be relevant for researchers investigating visual attention, high-level visual cortex, and the neural mechanisms that integrate endogenous and exogenous attentional control.

Reviewed by eLife

Four new Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse models with clinically relevant exon deletions in the human DMD gene

1. Maaike van Putten
2. Margot Linssen
3. Christa Tanganyika-de Winter
4. Conny M. Brouwers
5. Jill W.C. Claassens
6. Nisha Verwey
7. Max Walsh
8. Tiberiu Loredan Stan
9. Annemieke Aartsma-Rus
10. Peter Hohenstein

Reviewed by Review Commons

Divergent spatial codes in retrosplenial cortex and hippocampus support multi-scale representation of complex environments

1. Célia Laurent
2. Nada El Mahmoudi
3. David M Smith
4. Francesca Sargolini
5. Pierre-Yves Jacob

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This valuable study reports results showing how different neurons in the dysgranular retrosplenial cortex code spatial orientation. Specifically, the paper reports that some neurons maintain tuning for a single head direction across multi-compartmental environments, while other neurons are tuned to different head directions that reflect the geometry within each compartment. The study was viewed as likely to expand the field's understanding of directional tuning of neurons, but incomplete evidence was provided to support the conclusions.

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RHODOPSIN 7: An ancient non-retinal photoreceptor for contrast vision, darkness detection, and circadian regulation

1. Valentina Kirsch
2. Nils Reinhard
3. Heiko Hartlieb
4. Annika Mohr
5. Dirk Rieger
6. Peter Soba
7. Charlotte Helfrich-Förster
8. Pingkalai R Senthilan

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The study investigates, from multiple angles, the still-debated function of insect rhodopsin-7 (Rh7). The authors present compelling results for its ancient phylogenetic origin across pan-arthropods, a non-visual role based on expression analyses in the fly brain, an unusual G-protein signalling pathway, and - using behavioural genetics - that Rh7 affects how Drosophila melanogaster interprets and responds to light-dark transitions. Through this, the work provides fundamental new insights into the evolution and function of non-visual opsins.

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Visual experience shapes functional connectivity between occipital and non-visual networks

1. Mengyu Tian
2. Xiang Xiao
3. Huiqing Hu
4. Rhodri Cusack
5. Marina Bedny

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that postnatal visual experience shapes the patterns of functional connectivity between extrastriate visual cortex and frontal regions, by comparing neonates, blind and sighted adults using resting-state fMRI. The evidence supporting the main claim is convincing, and the authors' interpretations are appropriately calibrated in the discussion. Nevertheless, the study design and methodology are inherently limited to resolve the underlying mechanisms driving connectivity changes during neurodevelopment (experience-related plasticity vs post-natal experience-independent maturation). This study will be of broad interest to neuroscientists and neuroimaging researchers studying vision, plasticity and brain development.

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Peripheral anatomy and central connectivity of proprioceptive sensory neurons in the Drosophila wing

1. Ellen Lesser
2. Anthony J Moussa
3. John C Tuthill

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important work describes wing mechanosensory neurons in detail, extending our understanding of sensorimotor processing in the fruit fly. The evidence presented convincingly supports the authors' identification of these neurons and leverages state-of-the-art methods to generate a near-complete map of wing mechanosensory circuitry. Overall, this study provides new hypotheses and invaluable tools for investigating proprioceptive motor control of the wing in Drosophila.

Reviewed by eLife