Immunology

PIM kinase control of CD8 T cell protein synthesis and cell trafficking

1. Julia M Marchingo
2. Laura Spinelli
3. Shalini Pathak
4. Doreen A Cantrell

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  These important findings detail the role of Pim1 and Pim2 in controlling the behaviour and activity of 'killer' T cells; a vital cell within of our immune system. The authors capitalized on high resolution quantitative analysis of the proteomes and transcriptomes of Pim1/Pim2-deficient CD8 T cells to provide compelling evidence for how the PIM1/2 kinases control TCR-driven activation and IL-2/IL-15-driven proliferation and differentiation into effector T cells. It's also noteworthy that Pim1/Pim2 impact is better revealed through quantitative proteomics than transcriptomics.

Reviewed by eLife

Reprogramming of GM-CSF-dependent alveolar macrophages through GSK3 activity modulation

1. Israel Ríos
2. Cristina Herrero
3. Mónica Torres-Torresano
4. Baltasar López-Navarro
5. María Teresa Schiaffino
6. Francisco Díaz Crespo
7. Alicia Nieto-Valle
8. Rafael Samaniego
9. Yolanda Sierra-Palomares
10. Eduardo Oliver
11. Fernando Revuelta-Salgado
12. Ricardo García-Luján
13. Paloma Sánchez-Mateos
14. Rafael Delgado
15. Amaya Puig-Kröger
16. Angel L Corbí

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study provides compelling data from in vitro models and patient-derived samples to demonstrate how modulation of GSK3 activity can reprogram macrophages, revealing potential therapeutic applications in inflammatory diseases such as severe COVID-19. The study stands out for its clear and systematic presentation, convincing experimental approach, and the relevance of its findings to the field of immunology.

Reviewed by eLife

Comprehensive analysis of nasal IgA antibodies induced by intranasal administration of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein

1. Kentarou Waki
2. Hideki Tani
3. Eigo Kawahara
4. Yumiko Saga
5. Takahisa Shimada
6. Emiko Yamazaki
7. Seiichi Koike
8. Yoshitomo Morinaga
9. Masaharu Isobe
10. Nobuyuki Kurosawa

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This work provides important insights into mucosal antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 following intranasal immunization by characterizing a large number of monoclonal antibodies at both mucosal and non-mucosal sites. The evidence supporting the claims is solid. The demonstrated in vitro antiviral activity of antibodies characterized provides a rationale for developing mucosal vaccines, especially if confirmed in vivo and benchmarked against antibodies generated following intramuscular vaccination.

Reviewed by eLife

Structure-Guided Loop Grafting Improves Expression and Stability of Influenza Neuraminidase for Vaccine Development

1. Pramila Rijal
2. Leiyan Wei
3. Guido C Paesen
4. David I Stuart
5. Mark R Howarth
6. Kuan-Ying A Huang
7. Thomas A Bowden
8. Alain RM Townsend

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The authors developed a methodology to graph antigenic surface loops on influenza virus neuraminidases. The hybrid proteins retained the structure of the neuraminidase scaffold and the antigenicity of the grafted loops. This fundamental work should help in developing novel neuraminidase constructs for use in influenza virus vaccines. The paper presents compelling evidence supporting the conclusions arrived at by the authors.

Reviewed by eLife

RAG suppresses group 2 innate lymphoid cells

1. Aaron M Ver Heul
2. Madison Mack
3. Lydia Zamidar
4. Masato Tamari
5. Ting-Lin Yang
6. Anna M Trier
7. Do-Hyun Kim
8. Hannah Janzen-Meza
9. Steven J Van Dyken
10. Chyi-Song Hsieh
11. Jenny M Karo
12. Joseph C Sun
13. Brian S Kim

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study provides new insights into the expression profile of ILCs that demonstrate a history of RAG expression. It examines in part the potential intrinsic regulation of RAG expression and seeks to understand how the epigenetic state of ILCs is established, although a full understanding of intrinsic factors is only partially supported. The work provides a convincing and important molecular dataset, and strengthens our understanding of intrinsic regulation, and would be of interest more broadly to cell biologists seeking to understand immune cell development.

Reviewed by eLife

HERV activation segregates ME/CFS from fibromyalgia while defining a novel nosologic entity

1. Karen Giménez-Orenga
2. Eva Martín-Martínez
3. Lubov Nathanson
4. Elisa Oltra

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study substantially expands observations of HERV expression in the clinical settings. The evidence provided by the authors that HERV activity is an underlying etiological factor in ME/CFS and fibromyalgia is compelling and suggests further investigation into mechanisms. This work will be of broad interest to clinicians and researchers alike.

Reviewed by eLife

A modular platform to display multiple hemagglutinin subtypes on a single immunogen

1. Dana Thornlow Lamson
2. Faez Amokrane Nait Mohamed
3. Mya Vu
4. Daniel P Maurer
5. Larance Ronsard
6. Daniel Lingwood
7. Aaron G Schmidt

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This valuable manuscript describes the immunogenicity of a bead-on-a-string immunogen that allows the inclusion of multiple HA subtypes. The evidence to support the claims is convincing, and more importantly, this approach could be adapted to other vaccine platforms.

Reviewed by eLife

Thymic dendritic cell-derived IL-27p28 promotes the establishment of functional bias against IFN-γ production in newly generated CD4+ T cells through STAT1-related epigenetic mechanisms

1. Jie Zhang
2. Hui Tang
3. Haoming Wu
4. Xuewen Pang
5. Rong Jin
6. Yu Zhang

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study presents a useful reassessment of the potential role of dendritic cell-derived IL-27 p28 cytokine in the functional maturation of CD4+CD8- thymocytes, and CD4+ recent thymic emigrants. The evidence supporting the claims of the authors is solid and serves to reaffirm what has been previously described, with the overall advance in understanding the mechanism(s) responsible for the intrathymic functional programming of CD4+ T cells being limited.

Reviewed by eLife

Contributions of T helper 9 cells in endometriosis-associated inflammation and lesion growth

1. Alison McCallion
2. Katherine B. Zutautas
3. Danielle J. Sisnett
4. Priyanka Yolmo
5. Harshavardhan Lingegowda
6. Asha K. Ravishanker
7. Dan Vo Hoang
8. Chandrakant Tayade

Reviewed by Arcadia Science

Unraveling the role of Ctla-4 in intestinal immune homeostasis through a novel Zebrafish model of inflammatory bowel disease

1. Lulu Qin
2. Chongbin Hu
3. Qiong Zhao
4. Yong Wang
5. Dongdong Fan
6. Aifu Lin
7. Lixin Xiang
8. Ye Chen
9. Jianzhong Shao

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study focuses on the role of a T-cell-specific receptor, ctla-4, in a new zebrafish model of IBD-like phenotype. Although implicated in IBD diseases, the function of ctla-4 has been hard to study in mice as the KO is lethal. Ctla-4 mutant zebrafish exhibited significant intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis, mirroring the pathology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in mammals, providing a new valuable model to the field of IBD research. This is an key study with convincing evidence, comprehensive transcriptomic analysis, histological examinations, and functional assays all supporting the findings.

Reviewed by eLife