Immunology

Beta-Glucan modulates monocyte plasticity and differentiation capacity to mitigate DSS-induced colitis

1. Yinyin Lv
2. Yanyun Fan
3. Qingxiang Gao
4. Qiongyun Chen
5. Yiqun Hu
6. Lin Wang
7. Huaxiu Shi
8. Ermei Chen
9. Qinyu Xu
10. Ying Cai
11. Qingqi Fan
12. Linying Li
13. Dan Du
14. Jianlin Ren
15. Shih-Chin Cheng
16. Hongzhi Xu

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study presents compelling evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of trained immunity in Colitis. The study is important for the field of trained immunity and is a welcome addition to the focus issue on trained immunity.

Reviewed by eLife

During an inflammatory response, zebrafish tnfa and tnfb are expressed by different cell types and have distinct expression kinetics

1. Kaylee SE van Dijk
2. Christina Begon-Pescia
3. Boudewijn A de Bruin
4. Resul Özbilgiç
5. Philip M Elks
6. Mai E Nguyen-Chi
7. Maria Forlenza

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study provides a valuable contribution to the field of zebrafish immunology by demonstrating that the two TNF paralogs tnfa and tnfb show distinct cellular sources and temporal expression patterns during inflammation. These findings are potentially significant because they suggest regulatory divergence and functional specialization within the TNF signaling system in teleosts. While the evidence supporting differential expression is convincing, the work remains largely observational and would benefit from functional experiments and deeper mechanistic insight to determine whether these differences translate into distinct roles in inflammatory signaling. This work will be of interest to immunologists interested in inflammatory cytokine evolution and immune regulation in vertebrates.

Reviewed by eLife

Bivalent mRNA booster encoding virus-like particles elicits potent polyclass receptor-binding domain antibodies in pre-vaccinated mice

1. Chengcheng Fan
2. Alexander A Cohen
3. Kim-Marie A Dam
4. Annie V Rorick
5. Ange-Célia I Priso Fils
6. Zhi Yang
7. Priyanthi NP Gnanapragasam
8. Luisa N Segovia
9. Kathryn E Huey-Tubman
10. Woohyun J Moon
11. Paulo JC Lin
12. Pamela J Bjorkman
13. Magnus AG Hoffmann

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This useful and interesting study provides evidence that EABR mRNA is at least as effective as standard S mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. The authors provide convincing justification for the conclusion that the inconsistent statistical significance for Omicron is likely due to immune imprinting or original antigenic sin. In this regard, the significance of the findings is stronger as it points to possible challenges for updated vaccine strategies in overcoming immune imprinting.

Reviewed by eLife

HEB collaborates with TCR signaling to upregulate Id3 and enable γδT17 cell maturation in the fetal thymus

1. Johanna S Selvaratnam
2. Juliana DB da Rocha
3. Vinothkumar Rajan
4. Helen Wang
5. Emily C Reddy
6. Miki S Gams
7. Jenny Jiahuan Liu
8. Cornelis Murre
9. David Wiest
10. Cynthia J Guidos
11. Juan Carlos Zúñiga-Pflücker
12. Michele Kay Anderson

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The study provides important mechanistic insight into the transcriptional control of γδT17 development, elegantly demonstrating how HEB and Id3 act sequentially and cooperatively to regulate γδT17 cell specification and maturation. The study provides compelling evidence that advances the understanding of E-Id protein dynamics in thymic T cell specification. The work is comprehensive, technically rigorous, and conceptually clear, and will be of interest to immunologists, developmental biologists, and those studying the molecular underpinnings of physiological outcomes.

Reviewed by eLife

A Germinal Center Checkpoint of AIRE in B Cells Limits Antibody Diversification

1. Jordan Z Zhou
2. Bihui Huang
3. Bo Pei
4. Guang Wen Sun
5. Michael D Pawlitz
6. Wei Zhang
7. Xinyang Li
8. Kati C Hokynar
9. Fayi Yao
10. Madusha LW Perera
11. Shanqiao Wei
12. Simin Zheng
13. Lisa A Polin
14. Janet M Poulik
15. Annamari Ranki
16. Kai Krohn
17. Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles
18. Naibo Yang
19. Ashok S Bhagwat
20. Kefei Yu
21. Pärt Peterson
22. Kai Kisand
23. Bao Q Vuong
24. Andrea Cerutti
25. Kang Chen

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  AIRE has been well known to contribute to immune self-tolerance in the thymus by expressing auto-antigens; in this manuscript, the authors describe unexpected findings about the interaction of AIRE with AID in B cells, and its function in the immune system, thereby contributing to a fundamental understanding of the broader functions of AIRE. The strength of this manuscript is that, by employing biochemical and genetic experiments, the authors convincingly show interaction between AIRE and AID and subsequent AIRE's function in the GC responses. However, two weak points exist: first, the connection between AIRE, auto-anti IL17 Abs, and IL17-positive effector T cells, and second, like the thymus, expression of auto-antigens by AIRE in the GC B cells has not been tested.

Reviewed by eLife

Contrasting roles for IKK-regulated inflammatory signalling pathways for development and maintenance of type 1 and adaptive γδ T cells

1. Farjana Islam
2. Cayman Williams
3. Thea Hogan
4. Louise V Webb
5. Ines Boal-Carvalho
6. Benedict Seddon

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study reports important findings regarding the role of the NF-kB signaling pathway in the development and long-term survival of gamma delta T cells. The authors report disparate roles of IKK-dependent NF-kB activation in the development and long-term survival of gamma delta T cell subsets. The approach and methodology employed is convincing. This work will be of great interest to immunologists interested in innate-like T cell biology and in T cell development.

Reviewed by eLife

Synaptotagmin 1 and Synaptotagmin 7 promote MR1-mediated presentation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens

1. Se-Jin Kim
2. Jessie C Peterson
3. Andrew J Olive
4. Fikadu G Tafesse
5. Corinna A Kulicke
6. Elham Karamooz
7. David Lewinsohn

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This useful study examines the contribution of synaptotagmin 1 and synaptotagmin 7 to metabolite antigen presentation to mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells; it begins to address a critical gap in our understanding of the antigen presentation mechanisms of these cells. Strengths of the study include the use of Mtb to study the dynamics of antigen presentation to MAIT cells instead of a synthetic antigen. The strength of the evidence to support the conclusion is solid.

Reviewed by eLife

Ex vivo and in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 screenings identify the roles of protein N-glycosylation in regulating T-cell activation and functions

1. Yu Hong
2. Xiaofang Si
3. Wenjing Liu
4. Xueying Mai
5. Yu Zhang

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The important study uses genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screenings to identify a novel target B4GALTZ1 that is implicated in modulating CD8+ T cell function in the context of anti-tumor immunity. The strength of evidence is solid but could benefit from more detail, particularly to verify the efficiency of knockout in their single gene KO lines and identification of N-glycosylation sites of TCR and CD8s. This work highlights the role of protein N-glycosylation, particularly B4GALT1 deficiency, in regulating CD8 function and anti-tumor immunity.

Reviewed by eLife

Daytime variation in SARS-CoV-2 infection and cytokine production

1. Aïssatou Bailo Diallo
2. Laetitia Gay
3. Benjamin Coiffard
4. Marc Leone
5. Soraya Mezouar
6. Jean-Louis Mege

Reviewed by Rapid Reviews Infectious Diseases, ScreenIT

Pre-existing YFV-17D immunity mediates T cell cross-protection against DENV-2 infection

1. Prince Baffour Tonto
2. Sebastian Gallon
3. Reem Alatrash
4. Wei-Kung Wang
5. Bobby Brooke Herrera

Reviewed by Rapid Reviews Infectious Diseases, PREreview