Immunology

Distinct T-cell receptor (TCR) gene segment usage and MHC-restriction between foetal and adult thymus

1. Jasmine Rowell
2. Ching-In Lau
3. Susan Ross
4. Diana C Yanez
5. Oscar A Peña
6. Benny Chain
7. Tessa Crompton

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important manuscript provides an extensive and convincing analysis of the foetal and adult TCR repertoire in the mouse thymus. A potential implication of the work is that the earliest appearing T cells during ontogeny may have properties that are fundamentally distinct from those appearing later in life. The study will be of interest to immunologists concerned with T cell development and TCR repertoires.

Reviewed by eLife

Tuberculosis susceptibility in genetically diverse mice reveals functional diversity of neutrophils

1. Mariëtta M Ravesloot-Chávez
2. Erik Van Dis
3. Douglas Fox
4. Andrea Anaya Sanchez
5. Scott Espich
6. Xammy Huu Wrynla
7. Sagar L Rawal
8. Helia Samani
9. Mallory A Ballinger
10. Henry Thomas
11. Dmitri Kotov
12. Russell Vance
13. Michael W Nachman
14. Sarah A Stanley

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study provides valuable insights into the host's variable susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, using a novel collection of wild-derived inbred mouse lines from diverse geographic locations, along with immunological and single-cell transcriptomic analyses. While the data are convincing, a deeper mechanistic investigation into neutrophil subset functions would have further enhanced the study. This work will interest microbiologists and immunologists in the TB field.

Reviewed by eLife

The protective roles of eugenol on type 1 diabetes mellitus through NRF2-mediated oxidative stress pathway

1. Yalan Jiang
2. Pingping He
3. Ke Sheng
4. Yongmiao Peng
5. Huilan Wu
6. Songwei Qian
7. Weiping Ji
8. Xiaoling Guo
9. Xiaoou Shan

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This useful study partially succeeds in providing solid evidence in support of the therapeutic potential of the plant-derived compound eugenol for ameliorating symptoms associated with STZ-induced oxidative stress, identifying Nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) as a mediator of the effects induced by eugenol. Although the study provides interesting data, there remain concerns associated with the STZ model and the rather superficial mechanistic assessment.

Reviewed by eLife

Inhibition on neutrophil extracellular traps by oligomeric procyanidins alleviate chemotherapy-induced chronic kidney injury via gut-kidney axis

1. Yaqi Luan
2. Weiwei He
3. Kunmao Jiang
4. Shenghui Qiu
5. Lan Jin
6. Xinrui Mao
7. Ying Huang
8. Wentao Liu
9. Jingyuan Cao
10. Lai Jin
11. Rong Wang

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study provides evidence for the role of neutrophil extracellular traps in chronic kidney damage (CKD) induced by chemotherapy and suggests a therapeutic approach to mitigate the kidney pathology caused by the NETs. The study utilizes a sound murine in vivo model of CKD with low-dose administration cisplatin and a genetic model for impairment of NET formation by deletion of the enzyme Pad4. In its current form, the study was seen as incomplete as there is not yet formal demonstration of NET production by neutrophils in the model of CKD used. Additionally, the accuracy and clarity of data presentation could be improved.

Reviewed by eLife

Monoclonal antibodies derived from B cells in subjects with cystic fibrosis reduce Pseudomonas aeruginosa burden in mice

1. Malika Hale
2. Kennidy K Takehara
3. Christopher D Thouvenel
4. Dina A Moustafa
5. Andrea Repele
6. Mary F Fontana
7. Jason Netland
8. Sharon McNamara
9. Ronald L Gibson
10. Joanna B Goldberg
11. David J Rawlings
12. Marion Pepper

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infections is challenging because of intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance to most antibiotic drug classes. Therefore, by using donor B cells in subjects with cystic fibrosis who undergo intermittent or chronic airway PA infections, the authors aimed to isolate B-cell receptors against PA virulence factors and examined their biological activities. The data are solid and the protective antibodies identified in this study could be useful for protection against PA.

Reviewed by eLife

Cytokine-induced reprogramming of human macrophages toward Alzheimer’s disease-relevant molecular and cellular phenotypes in vitro

1. Anna Podlesny-Drabiniok
2. Carmen Romero-Molina
3. Tulsi Patel
4. Wen Yi See
5. Yiyuan Liu
6. Edoardo Marcora
7. Alison M. Goate

Reviewed by Arcadia Science

Secreted phospholipase PLA2G12A-driven lysophospholipid signaling via lipolytic modification of extracellular vesicles facilitates pathogenic Th17 differentiation

1. Chika Mochizuki
2. Yoshitaka Taketomi
3. Atsushi Irie
4. Kuniyuki Kano
5. Yuki Nagasaki
6. Yoshimi Miki
7. Takashi Ono
8. Yasumasa Nishito
9. Takahiro Nakajima
10. Yuri Tomabechi
11. Kazuharu Hanada
12. Mikako Shirouzu
13. Takashi Watanabe
14. Kosuke Hata
15. Yoshihiro Izumi
16. Takeshi Bamba
17. Jerold Chun
18. Kai Kudo
19. Ai Kotani
20. Yusuke Endo
21. Junken Aoki
22. Makoto Murakami

Reviewed by Arcadia Science

Evaluation of tick salivary and midgut extracellular vesicles as anti-tick vaccines in White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

1. Julia Gonzalez
2. Cristina Harvey
3. Cárita de Souza Ribeiro-Silva
4. Brenda Leal-Galvan
5. Kelly A. Persinger
6. Pia U. Olafson
7. Tammi L. Johnson
8. Adela Oliva Chavez

Reviewed by Arcadia Science

Terminal tracheal cells of Drosophila are immune privileged to maintain their Foxo-dependent structural plasticity

1. Judith Bossen
2. Reshmi Raveendran
3. Jingjing He
4. Thomas Roeder

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This is a valuable report of tracheal terminal cells (TTCs) in Drosophila being immune privileged. The authors demonstrated that TTCs lack the expression of membrane-associated peptidoglycan recognition receptor PGRP-LC, which protects these cells from activating immune pathway or JNK-mediated cell death to maintain TTC homeostasis. While genetic experiments using RNAi and overexpression are mostly convincing, the data on the expression of PGRP-LCx and cell death phenotypes following immune activation are currently incomplete. The work will be of interest to researchers in innate immunity across various model systems.

Reviewed by eLife

Therapeutic DNA Vaccine Targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis Persisters Shortens Curative Tuberculosis Treatment

1. Styliani Karanika
2. Tianyin Wang
3. Addis Yilma
4. Jennie Ruelas Castillo
5. James T. Gordy
6. Hannah Bailey
7. Darla Quijada
8. Kaitlyn Fessler
9. Rokeya Tasneen
10. Elisa M. Rouse Salcido
11. Harley T. Harris
12. Rowan E. Bates
13. Heemee Ton
14. Jacob Meza
15. Yangchen Li
16. Alannah D. Taylor
17. Jean J. Zheng
18. Jiaqi Zhang
19. J David Peske
20. Theodoros Karantanos
21. Amanda R. Maxwell
22. Eric Nuermberger
23. Richard B. Markham
24. Petros C. Karakousis

Reviewed by Rapid Reviews Infectious Diseases