Immunology

Thymic dendritic cell-derived IL-27p28 promotes the establishment of functional bias against IFN-γ production in newly generated CD4+ T cells through STAT1-related epigenetic mechanisms

1. Jie Zhang
2. Hui Tang
3. Haoming Wu
4. Xuewen Pang
5. Rong Jin
6. Yu Zhang

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study presents a useful reassessment of the potential role of dendritic cell-derived IL-27 p28 cytokine in the functional maturation of CD4+CD8- thymocytes, and CD4+ recent thymic emigrants. The evidence supporting the claims of the authors is solid and serves to reaffirm what has been previously described, with the overall advance in understanding the mechanism(s) responsible for the intrathymic functional programming of CD4+ T cells being limited.

Reviewed by eLife

Contributions of T helper 9 cells in endometriosis-associated inflammation and lesion growth

1. Alison McCallion
2. Katherine B. Zutautas
3. Danielle J. Sisnett
4. Priyanka Yolmo
5. Harshavardhan Lingegowda
6. Asha K. Ravishanker
7. Dan Vo Hoang
8. Chandrakant Tayade

Reviewed by Arcadia Science

Unraveling the Role of Ctla-4 in Intestinal Immune Homeostasis: Insights from a novel Zebrafish Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

1. Lulu Qin
2. Chongbin Hu
3. Qiong Zhao
4. Yong Wang
5. Dongdong Fan
6. Aifu Lin
7. Lixin Xiang
8. Ye Chen
9. Jianzhong Shao

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study focuses on the role of a T-cell-specific receptor, ctla-4, in a new zebrafish model of IBD-like phenotype. Although implicated in IBD diseases, the function of ctla-4 has been hard to study in mice as the KO is lethal. Ctla-4 mutant zebrafish exhibited significant intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis, mirroring the pathology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in mammals, providing a new valuable model to the field of IBD research. This is an key study with convincing evidence, comprehensive transcriptomic analysis, histological examinations, and functional assays all supporting the findings.

Reviewed by eLife

Diversity and functional specialization of oyster immune cells uncovered by integrative single cell level investigations

1. Sébastien de La Forest Divonne
2. Juliette Pouzadoux
3. Océane Romatif
4. Caroline Montagnani
5. Guillaume Mitta
6. Delphine Destoumieux-Garzon
7. Benjamin Gourbal
8. Guillaume M Charrière
9. Emmanuel Vignal

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The manuscript by de La Forest Divonne et al. offers an important and detailed exploration of the immune cells in the oyster Crassostrea gigas, by correlating distinct hemocyte morphotypes with specific single-cell transcriptional profiles. The evidence supporting the conclusion is convincing, deriving from the comprehensive dataset that not only captures unicellular diversity but also associates these cells with distinct immune roles, making it an invaluable resource for the broader research community.

Reviewed by eLife

T follicular helper cell profiles differ by malaria antigen and for children compared to adults

1. Catherine S Forconi
2. Christina Nixon
3. Hannah W Wu
4. Boaz Odwar
5. Sunthorn Pond-Tor
6. John M Ong’echa
7. Jonathan Kurtis
8. Ann M Moormann

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This descriptive study used multiparameter spectral flow cytometry and clustering analysis of a subset of CD4 T cells, termed circulating T follicular helper (cTfh), responding to Plasmodium falciparum antigens, PfSEA -1A and PfGARP. The results from this comprehensive study provide valuable information regarding differences in cTfh response profiles between children and adults living in malaria-endemic Kenya and thus offer a potential usefulness towards improving choices of antigen candidates for malaria vaccines. However, the analysis and interpretation of antigen-specific CD4 cTfh responses remain incomplete.

Reviewed by eLife

Temporal dynamics of viral fitness and the adaptive immune response in HCV infection

1. Melanie R Walker
2. Preston Leung
3. Elizabeth Keoshkerian
4. Mehdi R Pirozyan
5. Andrew R Lloyd
6. Fabio Luciani
7. Rowena A Bull

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The authors examined the evolution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a cohort of 14 subjects with recent HCV infections. They showed that viral fitness declines as the virus mutates to escape the immune response and can rebound later in infection as HCV accumulates additional mutations. The study contributes to an important aspect of viral evolution. The combination of approaches contributes to a convincing study.

Reviewed by eLife

A Host Enzyme Reduces Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) by Inactivating Intestinal Lipopolysaccharide

1. Zhiyan Wang
2. Nore Ojogun
3. Yiling Liu
4. Lu Gan
5. Zeling Xiao
6. Jintao Feng
7. Wei Jiang
8. Yeying Chen
9. Benkun Zou
10. Cheng-Yun Yu
11. Changshun Li
12. Asha Ashuo
13. Xiaobo Li
14. Mingsheng Fu
15. Jian Wu
16. Yiwei Chu
17. Robert Munford
18. Mingfang Lu

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study highlights the key role of the gut-liver axis mediated by LPS in causing hepatic steatosis. The authors provide solid evidence, in vivo, in vitro, and in silico, for the role of acyloxyacyl hydrolase in mediating this effect using KO mice subjected to MASD-inducing diets. The findings are significant for the liver research community and others interested in the gut-liver axis.

Reviewed by eLife

scRNA+TCR-seq Reveals the Proportion and Characteristics of Dual TCR Treg Cells in Mouse Lymphoid and Non-lymphoid Tissues

1. Yuanyuan Xu
2. Qipeng
3. Xiaoping Lu
4. Long Ma
5. Jun Li
6. Xinsheng Yao

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study reanalyzed previously published scRNA-seq and TCR-seq data to examine the proportion and characteristics of dual-TCR-expressing Treg cells in mice, presenting some useful insights into TCR diversity and immune regulation. However, the evidence is incomplete, particularly with respect to data interpretation, statistical rigor, and the functionality of dual -TCR Treg cells. The study is potentially of interest to immunologists studying T-cell biology.

Reviewed by eLife

Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies arise during affinity maturation of germline antibodies to carbamylated proteins in rheumatoid arthritis

1. Marta Escarra-Senmarti
2. Michael Chungyoun
3. Dylan Ferris
4. Jeffrey J. Gray
5. Felipe Andrade

Reviewed by Arcadia Science

Trained innate immunity attenuates macrophage efferocytosis of cancer cells

1. Alexandros Chatzis
2. Jakub Lukaszonek
3. Dimitris Lagos
4. Dave Boucher
5. Ioannis Kourtzelis

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study provides proof-of-principle data for the use of trained immunity to modulate macrophage interactions with tumours. The study makes a valuable contribution to the field of trained immunity. However, the study is incomplete without vivo data, which would have made the claims in the paper stronger by providing meaningful context for the in vitro experiments that were conducted.

Reviewed by eLife