Cell Biology

Non-muscle myosin II regulates presynaptic actin assemblies and neuronal mechanobiology in Drosophila

1. Biljana Ermanoska
2. Jonathan Baets
3. Avital A. Rodal

Reviewed by Review Commons

A ‘torn bag mechanism’ of small extracellular vesicle release via limiting membrane rupture of en bloc released amphisomes (amphiectosomes)

1. Tamás Visnovitz
2. Dorina Lenzinger
3. Anna Koncz
4. Péter M Vizi
5. Tünde Bárkai
6. Krisztina V Vukman
7. Alicia Galinsoga
8. Krisztina Németh
9. Kelsey Fletcher
10. Zsolt I Komlósi
11. Csaba Cserép
12. Ádám Dénes
13. Péter Lőrincz
14. Gábor Valcz
15. Edit I Buzas

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  In this study, the authors present compelling data illustrating a potential mechanism for a hitherto not described form of extracellular vesicle biogenesis. Their model suggests that small extracellular vesicles are secreted from cells within larger vesicles, termed amphiectosomes, which subsequently rupture to release their smaller vesicle contents. This discovery represents an important advancement in the field.

Reviewed by eLife

AXONAL distribution of mitochondria maintains neuronal autophagy during aging via eIF2β

1. Kanako Shinno
2. Yuri Miura
3. Koichi M Iijima
4. Emiko Suzuki
5. Kanae Ando

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  In flies defective for axonal transport of mitochondria, the authors report the upregulation of one subunit, the beta subunit, of the heterotrimeric eIF2 complex via mass spectroscopy proteome analysis. Neuronal overexpression of eIF2β phenocopied aspects of neuronal dysfunction observed when axonal transport of mitochondria was compromised. Conversely, lowering eIF2β expression suppressed aspects of neuronal dysfunction. While these are intriguing, potentially useful observations, several technical weaknesses limit the interpretation and mean the evidence supporting the current claims is incomplete.

Reviewed by eLife

DIO-SPOTlight Transgenic Mouse to Functionally Monitor Protein Synthesis Regulated by the Integrated Stress Response

1. Matthew L Oliver
2. Zachary F Caffall
3. Callie B Eatman
4. Timothy D Faw
5. Nicole Calakos

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  In this manuscript, the authors describe the creation of a transgenic mouse expressing a reporter for Integrated Stress Response (ISR) activation in a CRE-dependent manner. Reliable tools for detecting ISR activation in situ are lacking, so this manuscript describes a potentially valuable tool that builds on and overcomes some of the limitations of a similar viral vector described by the authors in a previous publication. Solid evidence suggests that distinct populations of cells (ChAT) in the nervous system are marked by some level of ISR activation, and that the mouse could be most helpful as a screen for cell types in which the ISR is particularly active, although it would be difficult to draw conclusions from the reporter alone. Additional validations of the reporter activity in situ will further strengthen the manuscript.

Reviewed by eLife

Mechanisms of PP2A-Ankle2 dependent nuclear reassembly after mitosis

1. Jingjing Li
2. Xinyue Wang
3. Laia Jordana
4. Éric Bonneil
5. Victoria Ginestet
6. Momina Ahmed
7. Mohammed Bourouh
8. Cristina Mirela Pascariu
9. T Martin Schmeing
10. Pierre Thibault
11. Vincent Archambault

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This is an important study that reports the mechanism by which Ankle2 (LEM4 in humans) interacts with and recruits PP2A and the ER protein Vap33 to promote BAF dephosphorylation and mediate nuclear membrane reformation, using Drosophila as their model. Using Ankle2 mutants, they find that the ER protein Vap33 is key for the normal interphase localisation of Ankle2/LEM4 and also impacts on the function of Ankle2/LEM4 during mitosis. The conclusions on the subcellular localization of Ankle2 are drawn from overexpression of constructs. Overall, the authors use a variety of complementary techniques and provide convincing evidence to support the claims and advance our knowledge in the field of mitosis and nuclear envelope biology.

Reviewed by eLife

Small molecule modulator of neuronal lysosome positioning and function resolves Alzheimer’s Disease-linked pathologies in cultured human neurons

1. Amanda M. Snead
2. Sruchi Patel
3. Mia Krout
4. Ryan S. Hippman
5. Gabrielle Smith
6. Diya Dileep
7. Nitya Chagoor
8. Rachel Shi
9. Ricardo Linares
10. Andrew Dobria
11. Stephanie M. Cologna
12. Camerron Crowder
13. Leslie N. Aldrich
14. Swetha Gowrishankar

Reviewed by PREreview

TET2-mediated epigenetic modification promotes stress senescence of pancreatic β cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus

1. Weijuan Cai
2. Qingqing Song
3. Xiaoqing Mo
4. Huaqian Li
5. Yuling Song
6. Liang Yin

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This is a useful study that seeks to address the role of the TET family of DNA demethylation enzymes in pancreatic beta cell senescence in the context of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Although the concepts are novel and of interest, the study presents incomplete evidence to fully support its main conclusions.

Reviewed by eLife

Loss of ErbB3 redirects Integrin β1 from early endosomal recycling to secretion in extracellular vesicles

1. Dorival Mendes Rodrigues-Junior
2. Ana Rosa Saez-Ibanez
3. Takeshi Terabayashi
4. Nina Daubel
5. Taija Makinen
6. Olof Idevall-Hagren
7. Aristidis Moustakas
8. Ingvar Ferby

Reviewed by Review Commons

Wnt induces FZD5/8 endocytosis and degradation and the involvement of RSPO-ZNRF3/RNF43 and DVL

1. Dong Luo
2. Jing Zheng
3. Shuning Lv
4. Ren Sheng
5. Maorong Chen
6. Xi He
7. Xinjun Zhang

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study presents important findings demonstrating that FZD5 and FZD8, two of the ten Frizzled proteins, undergo Wnt-mediated endocytosis. The E3 ubiquitin ligases RNF43/ZNRF3 regulate their degradation in a Wnt-dependent manner, a mechanism that was not previously recognized. The evidence supporting the claims of the authors is solid. This research will be of interest to biologists specializing in Wnt signaling, cancer, and regenerative medicine.

Reviewed by eLife

Myristoylated Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 captures the preciliary vesicle at distal appendages

1. Tomoharu Kanie
2. Roy Ng
3. Keene L Abbott
4. Niaj Mohammad Tanvir
5. Esben Lorentzen
6. Olaf Pongs
7. Peter K Jackson

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  The identification of NCS1 as a distal appendage protein that captures preciliary vesicles has important implications for understanding the early steps of ciliary assembly. Furthermore, the work has important implications for the broader understanding of NCS1, which prior to this work was focused on roles in neurotransmission, but now must be considered in a broader context. The investigators used a variety of state-of-the-art methodologies, and the conclusions are convincingly supported by the experimental data. This work will be of interest to cell biologists studying ciliary assembly, human geneticists exploring the pathology of cilia as well as neurobiologists studying NCS1.

Reviewed by eLife