Neuroscience

Adult neurogenesis through glial transdifferentiation in a CNS injury paradigm

1. Sergio Casas-Tinto
2. Nuria Garcia-Guillen
3. María Losada-Perez

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  In this work, the authors use a Drosophila melanogaster adult ventral nerve cord injury model extending and confirming previous observations. This important study reveals key aspects of adult neural plasticity. Taking advantage of several genetic reporter and fate tracing tools, the authors provide solid evidence for different forms of glial plasticity, that are increased upon injury. The significance of the generated cell types under homeostatic conditions and in response to injury remains to be further explored and open up new avenues of research.

Reviewed by eLife

Proactive distractor suppression in early visual cortex

1. David Richter
2. Dirk van Moorselaar
3. Jan Theeuwes

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important and well-written study uses functional neuroimaging in human observers to provide compelling evidence that activity in the early visual cortex is suppressed at locations that are frequently occupied by a task-irrelevant but salient item. This suppression appears to be general to any kind of stimulus and also occurs in advance of any item actually appearing. The work will be of great interest to psychologists and neuroscientists examining attention, perception, learning and prediction.

Reviewed by eLife

Pupil dilation offers a time-window on prediction error

1. Olympia Colizoli
2. Tessa van Leeuwen
3. Danaja Rutar
4. Harold Bekkering

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study seeks to examine the relationship between pupil size and information gain, showing opposite effects dependent upon whether the average uncertainty increases or decreases across trials. Given the broad implications for learning and perception, the findings will be of broad interest to researchers in cognitive neuroscience, decision-making, and computational modelling. Nevertheless, the evidence in support of the particular conclusion is at present incomplete - the conclusions would be strengthened if the authors could both clarify the differences between model-updating and prediction error in their account and clarify the patterns in the data.

Reviewed by eLife

An Alzheimer’s disease-associated common regulatory variant in a PTK2B intron alters microglial function

1. Erica Bello
2. Kathleen Long
3. Sho Iwama
4. Juliette Steer
5. Sarah Cooper
6. Kaur Alasoo
7. Natsuhiko Kumasaka
8. Jeremy Schwartzentruber
9. Nikolaos I Panousis
10. Andrew Bassett

Reviewed by Review Commons

Perceptual and attentional impairments of conscious access involve distinct neural mechanisms despite equal task performance

1. Samuel Noorman
2. Timo Stein
3. Johannes Jacobus Fahrenfort
4. Simon van Gaal

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study provides new insights into the mechanisms that underlie perceptual and attentional impairments of conscious access. The paper presents convincing evidence of a dissociation between the early stages of low-level perception, which are impermeable to perceptual or attentional impairments, and subsequent stages of visual integration which are susceptible to perceptual impairment but resilient to attentional manipulations. This study will be of interest to scientists working on visual perception and consciousness.

Reviewed by eLife

Multi-dimensional social relationships shape social attention in monkeys

1. Sainan Liu
2. Jiepin Huang
3. Suhao Chen
4. Michael L Platt
5. Yan Yang

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study examined how multidimensional social relationships influence social attention in rhesus macaques, linking individual and group-level behaviors to attentional processes. The findings that oxytocin altered social attention and its relationship to both social tendencies and dyadic relationships are important, as recent technological advances allow for the exploration of neuronal activities and mechanisms in free-moving macaques. This work is convincing and will be of interest to those studying the interplay between social dynamics and information processing in primates.

Reviewed by eLife

Computational modelling identifies key determinants of subregion-specific dopamine dynamics in the striatum

1. Aske L Ejdrup
2. Jakob K Dreyer
3. Matthew D Lycas
4. Søren H Jørgensen
5. Trevor W Robbins
6. Jeffrey W Dalley
7. Freja Herborg
8. Ulrik Gether

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The conclusions of this work are based on valuable simulations of a detailed model of striatal dopamine dynamics. Establishing that lower dopamine uptake rate can lead to a "tonic" level of dopamine in the ventral but not dorsal striatum, and that dopamine concentration changes at short delays can be tracked by D1 but not D2 receptor activation, is invaluable and will be of interest to the community, particularly those studying dopamine. The model simulations provide convincing evidence for differences between dorsal and ventral striatum dopamine concentrations, while evidence for differential tracking of dopamine changes by D1 vs D2 receptors is solid.

Reviewed by eLife

A deep learning framework for automated and generalized synaptic event analysis

1. Philipp S O'Neill
2. Martín Baccino-Calace
3. Peter Rupprecht
4. Sungmoo Lee
5. Yukun A Hao
6. Michael Z Lin
7. Rainer W Friedrich
8. Martin Mueller
9. Igor Delvendahl

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This paper presents miniML, an AI-based framework for the detection of synaptic events. Benchmark results presented in the paper are compelling, demonstrating the superiority of miniML over current state-of-the-art alternatives. The performance of miniML is demonstrated across various experimental paradigms, showing that miniML has the potential to become a valuable tool for the analysis of synaptic signals.

Reviewed by eLife

Oxytocin receptor controls promiscuity and development in prairie voles

1. Ruchira Sharma
2. Kristen M Berendzen
3. Amanda Everitt
4. Belinda Wang
5. Gina Williams
6. Shuyu Wang
7. Kara Quine
8. Rose D Larios
9. Kimberly LP Long
10. Nerissa Hoglen
11. Bibi Alika Sulaman
12. Marie C Heath
13. Michael Sherman
14. Robert Klinkel
15. Angela Cai
16. Denis Galo
17. Lizandro Chan Caamal
18. Nastacia L Goodwin
19. Annaliese Beery
20. Karen L Bales
21. Katherine S Pollard
22. Arthur Jeremy Willsey
23. Devanand S Manoli

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study presents a valuable finding regarding how partner preference formation and pair bonding behavior are related to the oxytocin receptor gene expression in the NAc and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in prairie voles. The evidence supporting this claim is solid but could benefit from clarity in the framing, approach, and results. This study will be of interest to social scientists and neuroscientists who work on pair bonding and oxytocin.

Reviewed by eLife

Brain-Cognitive Gaps in relation to Dopamine and Health-related Factors: Insights from AI-Driven Functional Connectome Predictions

1. Morteza Esmaeili
2. Erin Beate Bjørkeli
3. Robin Pedersen
4. Farshad Falahati
5. Jarkko Johansson
6. Kristin Nordin
7. Nina Karalija
8. Lars Bäckman
9. Lars Nyberg
10. Alireza Salami

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This multimodal neuroimaging study leverages fMRI, PET, and deep learning to predict memory performance. The authors introduce the brain-cognition gap to link these different imaging modalities to cognition and evaluate their results in two independent cohorts. The results are a valuable addition to the literature and will be of interest to neuroscientists working at the interface of cognition, neuroimaging, and computational modeling. However, the evidence supporting the conclusions remains incomplete.

Reviewed by eLife