Neuroscience

Systematic morphological and morphometric analysis of identified olfactory receptor neurons in Drosophila melanogaster

1. Cesar Nava Gonzales
2. Quintyn McKaughan
3. Eric A Bushong
4. Kalyani Cauwenberghs
5. Renny Ng
6. Matthew Madany
7. Mark H Ellisman
8. Chih-Ying Su

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Nava Gonzales et al. have reconstructed in unprecedented detail the morphology of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and supporting cells within the sensilla in D. melanogaster, characterising the majority of sensory hairs, and OSN types. The morphometric dataset collected will be a reference point for the field of olfaction research in Drosophila, and furthermore might inspire similar analyses of other sensory systems, building our understanding of how peripheral morphological features contribute to sensory neuron processing.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Spike protein multiorgan tropism suppressed by antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2

1. Molly Brady
2. Conor McQuaid
3. Alexander Solorzano
4. Angelique Johnson
5. Abigail Combs
6. Chethana Venkatraman
7. Akib Rahman
8. Hannah Leyva
9. Wing-Chi Edmund Kwok
10. Ronald W. Wood
11. Rashid Deane

Reviewed by ScreenIT

Developmental change in prefrontal cortex recruitment supports the emergence of value-guided memory

1. Kate Nussenbaum
2. Catherine A Hartley

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This is a follow-up on an impactful behavioral study from the same team, characterizing age-related differences in how individuals use information about environmental regularities to guide memory encoding. This paper will be relevant to those interested in the neurodevelopment of reward learning, episodic memory, and memory-guided decision-making. The combination of a clever task and thorough data analysis make this an impactful paper, but future longitudinal studies will need to determine whether these findings reflect developmental changes or cohort effects.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Learning accurate path integration in ring attractor models of the head direction system

1. Pantelis Vafidis
2. David Owald
3. Tiziano D'Albis
4. Richard Kempter

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper will be of interest to neuroscientists studying the navigation system, and in particular those who study the ability of animals to path integrate. This study proposes an elegant synaptic plasticity rule that maintains the connectivity required for path integration by integrating visual and self-motion input arriving at different dendritic locations in a neuron. This idea is applied to the central complex of Drosophila, a well-characterized system. The study is timely and well executed, however the generality of the suggested mechanism needs further discussion.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Neural dynamics between anterior insular cortex and right supramarginal gyrus dissociate genuine affect sharing from perceptual saliency of pretended pain

1. Yili Zhao
2. Lei Zhang
3. Markus Rütgen
4. Ronald Sladky
5. Claus Lamm

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Lamm and colleagues explore brain dynamics of empathy in response to facial expressions of simulated versus genuine pain in others. Using a novel experimental fMRI task and dynamic causal modelling, the findings suggest that activation of the anterior insula for genuine pain reflects affect sharing rather than automatic responses triggered by the perceptual salience of events. The paper is of broad interest to an audience of social and affective neuroscientists interested in how humans track the emotional responses of others.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Modelling the neural code in large populations of correlated neurons

1. Sacha Sokoloski
2. Amir Aschner
3. Ruben Coen-Cagli

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper is of potential interest to neuroscientists interested in neural coding. It presents a novel family of statistical models that is more accurate than simple models that assume independence between neurons. The results provide evidence that the proposed encoding models accurately capture key statistics of realistic neural activity, and that Bayesian decoding based on them can be accurate and efficient. The manuscript would benefit from a more complete comparison with other models.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Dual mechanisms of opioid-induced respiratory depression in the inspiratory rhythm-generating network

1. Nathan A Baertsch
2. Nicholas E Bush
3. Nicholas J Burgraff
4. Jan-Marino Ramirez

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Opioids are widely used as pain killers, but present the severe side-effect of respiratory depression. The study from Baertsch et al. provides a mechanistic understanding of the actions of opioids on breathing by elucidating some of the biophysical and synaptic mechanisms by which opioids depress breathing with the goal of identifying therapeutic strategies. The data suggest that opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) is due to both presynaptic hyperpolarization, and reduction of synaptic efficacy. The paper is generally well written and the data presented for the most part advances understanding of the mechanisms of OIRD at the level of central respiratory neural circuits.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Role of Nrp1 in controlling cortical inter-hemispheric circuits

1. Fernando Martín-Fernández
2. Ana Bermejo-Santos
3. Lorena Bragg-Gonzalo
4. Carlos G Briz
5. Esther Serrano-Saiz
6. Marta Nieto

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Martín-Fernández et al. show that Nrp1 acts within the primary somatosensory cortex to control the refinement of axons and the topography of contralateral targeting, particularly with regards to homotopic "matching" of gradients. While this action of Nrp1 has already been discovered between cortical areas, this work elucidates its role within a cortical area, with further insight into the developmental dynamics of projection and refinement also reported. This is impactful to the field of cortical axon guidance and corpus callosum development. The data analysis is rigorous and most conclusions are justified by the data.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Ripples reflect a spectrum of synchronous spiking activity in human anterior temporal lobe

1. Ai Phuong S Tong
2. Alex P Vaz
3. John H Wittig
4. Sara K Inati
5. Kareem A Zaghloul

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This study investigates the relationship between neuronal spiking and local field potential (LFP) activity recorded on micro-electrodes, and intracranial EEG activity recorded on macro-electrodes using a data from human patients with epilepsy. The dataset is rare and unique in that it is from the human brain and recording neural activity from multiple scales (single neuron, LFP, iEEG) within the same subjects. The study tackles important questions with regards to how ripples relate to broadband LFP activity as well as single neurons in the human brain. This results will be of interest to a broad audience of neuroscientists, and particularly to readers in the field of memory as well as those who perform electrophysiology.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Transcriptomic encoding of sensorimotor transformation in the midbrain

1. Zhiyong Xie
2. Mengdi Wang
3. Zeyuan Liu
4. Congping Shang
5. Changjiang Zhang
6. Le Sun
7. Huating Gu
8. Gengxin Ran
9. Qing Pei
10. Qiang Ma
11. Meizhu Huang
12. Junjing Zhang
13. Rui Lin
14. Youtong Zhou
15. Jiyao Zhang
16. Miao Zhao
17. Minmin Luo
18. Qian Wu
19. Peng Cao
20. Xiaoqun Wang

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This excellent manuscript combines molecular, anatomical and behavioral methods to characterize neuron types in the mouse superior colliculus. It will likely be a significant resource to those who study how these circuits integrate sensory information to promote motor output. A diverse set of experiments supports the conclusion that the superior colliculus includes separate circuit modules involved in distinct behaviors: prey capture and predator escape.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife