Neuroscience

Evaluation Summary:

This study reveals that anesthesia-induced burst suppression's spatial patterns differ across humans, macaques, marmosets, and rats. Given that burst suppression is considered a hallmark of unconscious states, these findings are potentially important for us to understand the evolution of the neural correlates of consciousness. In addition, a novel, purely MR-based method is presented to identify and map burst suppression, which may have relevance in both clinical and experimental studies.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

This paper addresses an important problem in control of episodic memory. This paper develops a computationally-based proposal about how semantic, working memory, and episodic memory systems might learn to interact so that stored episodic memories can optimally contribute to reconstruction of semantic memory for event sequences. This is an understudied area and this present work can make a major theoretical contribution to this domain with new predictions. The reviewers were positive about the contribution.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

This paper will be of interest to neuroscientists interested in predictive coding and planning. It presents a novel analysis of hippocampal place cells during exploration of an open arena. It performs a comprehensive comparison of real and synthetic data to determine which encoding model best explains population activity in the hippocampus.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

This manuscript investigates an important topic related to the initiation signals of actions sequences detected in the dorsal striatum. The authors conduct an ambitious set of experiments to study how neural activity in the dorsal striatum relates to the ability to wait for a reward. The study nicely bridges research on striatum's roles in reward-seeking actions and in time processing. Interesting activity patterns are detected that suggest a relationship to the premature versus the timely release of actions. These observations are potentially interesting, in particular, the possible difference between adult and adolescent rats. The functional significance of these activity patterns remain to be examined.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

The manuscript by Elferich et al. describes challenging experiments to visualize components of the hair-cell mechanotransduction complex, especially PCDH15, in unfixed, fast-frozen stereocilia. The manuscript presents exquisite images of PCDH15 in its native state, confirming the predictions of earlier studies. While much of what is presented here was predicted from less-direct measurements, it is useful to confirm these with direct imaging of single molecules.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

This paper will be of interest to neuroscientists who wish to understand how descending cortical projections interact in auditory midbrain neurons with their ascending inputs. The results have implications for other sensory systems and potentially other subcortical structures too. The data support the main conclusions of the manuscript, but additional control experiments and clarification of some parts are needed to strengthen the conclusions drawn and ensure that the findings of this interesting study can provide the basis for future modelling work.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. All reviewers agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

This manuscript describes a pipeline to assess the number of a certain cell type in the larval Drosophila brain. Their work provides automated neuronal segmentation and topographical analysis methods for the whole larval nervous system organization in flies, revealing the previously unexpected sexual dimorphism. This paper may be of interest to the large class of neuroscientists and specialists, from those who use larval Drosophila as their study model to others who are generally interested in connectomics and transcriptomics, among others.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

How the brain is organized to represent various concepts has long been a central cognitive neuroscience research topic. Zhang and colleagues investigated the spatial distribution of feature tuning for different face-parts within face-selective regions of human visual cortex using ultra-high resolution 7.0 T fMRI. The findings complement non-human primate studies of face-selective patches and will be of interest to psychologists and system neuroscientists.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

This manuscript addresses important questions: what is the relationship between circadian and homeostatic regulation of sleep, and how do the circuits underlying these levels of control interact? The authors have designed a very elegant method to answer these questions in Drosophila: a new sleep-deprivation protocol that allows them to test sleep rebound over the course of the day. Interesting observations are made, such as time-of-day dependence of sleep homeostasis, identification of important neural pathways modulating sleep rebound in a time-dependent manner, and molecular and physiological variations that might drive time-dependent sleep homeostasis. Experiments establishing a link between the circadian clock/neurons and molecular and physiological changes observed in sleep homeostat neurons would help to provide support for the claims made in the title and abstract.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

This manuscript is of interest to molecular neurobiologists studying Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) or other membrane bound receptors. The paper highlights several different and complementary techniques relevant for studying membrane proteins in native conditions, which are relevant and useful to a wide audience.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)