Neuroscience

A tonic nicotinic brake controls spike timing in striatal spiny projection neurons

1. Lior Matityahu
2. Jeffrey M Malgady
3. Meital Schirelman
4. Yvonne Johansson
5. Jennifer A Wilking
6. Gilad Silberberg
7. Joshua A Goldberg
8. Joshua L Plotkin

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Matityahu et al investigate the influence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling on striatal microcircuit function through a combination of slice electrophysiology, optogenetics, and pharmacology. They find that nicotinic signaling delays spiking of striatal projection neurons in response to excitatory input, likely through the tonic release of acetylcholine by cholinergic interneurons onto local GABAergic interneurons and their influence on striatal projection neurons. Understanding how acetylcholine shapes striatal circuits is important, as this neurotransmitter is implicated in multiple movement disorders as well as other basal ganglia-related diseases.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Rapid odor processing by layer 2 subcircuits in lateral entorhinal cortex

1. Sebastian H Bitzenhofer
2. Elena A Westeinde
3. Han-Xiong Bear Zhang
4. Jeffry S Isaacson

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Bitzenhofer and colleagues provide unprecedented details of odor response properties of layer 2 cells in LEC. The authors show that firing rates of LEC ensembles conveyed information about odor identify whereas timing of spikes odor intensity and that, on average, fan cells responded earlier than pyramidal neurons, and pyramidal neurons, but not fan cells, changed their peak timing in response to changes in concentrations, providing a basis for temporal coding of odor concentrations. The results provide important information about odor coding in LEC, an understudied area of the brain.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

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Role of anterior insula cortex in context-induced relapse of nicotine-seeking

1. Hussein Ghareh
2. Isis Alonso-Lozares
3. Dustin Schetters
4. Rae J Herman
5. Tim S Heistek
6. Yvar Van Mourik
7. Philip Jean-Richard-dit-Bressel
8. Gerald Zernig
9. Huibert D Mansvelder
10. Taco J De Vries
11. Nathan J Marchant

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This manuscript is of broad interest to readers in the fields of drug addiction and relapse, reinforcement learning and punishment, and those interested in cortical function, particularly the insular cortex. The authors extend a context and punishment-based relapse model to the widely-used drug nicotine and use a number of complementary approaches to support the conclusion that the insular cortex plays a role in nicotine relapse. The experiments were carefully designed and implemented.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

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Functional brain reconfiguration during sustained pain

1. Jae-Joong Lee
2. Sungwoo Lee
3. Dong Hee Lee
4. Choong-Wan Woo

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper will be of great interest to researchers interested in the brain mechanisms of pain. It shows how the connectivity of brain networks associated with sustained pain change over time. These findings are conclusively supported by state-of-the-art fMRI analyses of a tonic pain paradigm in two cohorts of healthy human participants. These insights are important for the understanding of the brain mechanisms of sustained pain which is the hallmark of chronic pain as a major health care problem.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Neuronal origins of reduced accuracy and biases in economic choices under sequential offers

1. Weikang Shi
2. Sebastien Ballesta
3. Camillo Padoa-Schioppa

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Padoa-Schioppa and colleagues describe possible neuronal correlates of behavioral biases observed in monkeys making value-based choices when options are presented simultaneously versus sequentially. Building on the lab's previous work detailing functional roles of different neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex, the authors relate different choice biases to different groups of OFC neurons. They propose that these relationships indicate that different biases are likely to arise from specific stages of decision computation. The study results are convincing and represent a significant advance in understanding circuit-level computations underlying decision-making.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

SARS-CoV-2 drives NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human microglia through spike-ACE2 receptor interaction

1. Eduardo Albornoz
2. Alberto A Amarilla
3. Naphak Modhiran
4. Sandra Parker
5. Xaria X. Li
6. Danushka K. Wijesundara
7. Adriana Pliego Zamora
8. Christopher LD McMillan
9. Benjamin Liang
10. Nias Y.G. Peng
11. Julian D.J. Sng
12. Fatema Tuj Saima
13. Devina Paramitha
14. Rhys Parry
15. Michael S. Avumegah
16. Ariel Isaacs
17. Martin Lo
18. Zaray Miranda-Chacon
19. Daniella Bradshaw
20. Constanza Salinas-Rebolledo
21. Niwanthi W. Rajapakse
22. Trent Munro
23. Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez
24. Paul R. Young
25. Katryn J Stacey
26. Alexander A. Khromykh
27. Keith J. Chappell
28. Daniel Watterson
29. Trent M. Woodruff

Reviewed by ScreenIT

A persistent behavioral state enables sustained predation of humans by mosquitoes

1. Trevor R Sorrells
2. Anjali Pandey
3. Adriana Rosas-Villegas
4. Leslie B Vosshall

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This manuscript describes a female mosquito's behavior after a brief exposure to CO2, which has long been known to trigger host-seeking behaviour in female mosquitoes. The authors develop optogenetic tools in Aedes aegypti that enable the controlled delivery of 'fictive' CO2 to them. They show that a brief pulse of fictive CO2 alters the behavioral state of female mosquitoes, which lasts about 15 minutes. It provides new insights into how activation of CO2-sensing olfactory neurons alters the behavioral state of a mosquito towards sensory cues to increase host-seeking behaviors. The study will be of great value to the vector biology community, as well as to neurobiologists in general.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife, preLights

Auditory mismatch responses are differentially sensitive to changes in muscarinic acetylcholine versus dopamine receptor function

1. Lilian Aline Weber
2. Sara Tomiello
3. Dario Schöbi
4. Katharina V Wellstein
5. Daniel Mueller
6. Sandra Iglesias
7. Klaas Enno Stephan

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This study adds to the considerable, but often conflicting, work on how neurotransmitter systems contribute to auditory processing dysfunction. The paper details a thorough and careful analysis of an important hypothesis from the point of view of schizophrenia research: do muscarinic and dopaminergic receptors contribute to mismatch negativity effects? The answers could be useful for future treatment allocation in psychosis. The analysis was pre-registered and departures from the planned analysis were well-motivated and clearly described.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Mild respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause multi-lineage cellular dysregulation and myelin loss in the brain

1. Anthony Fernández-Castañeda
2. Peiwen Lu
3. Anna C. Geraghty
4. Eric Song
5. Myoung-Hwa Lee
6. Jamie Wood
7. Belgin Yalçın
8. Kathryn R. Taylor
9. Selena Dutton
10. Lehi Acosta-Alvarez
11. Lijun Ni
12. Daniel Contreras-Esquivel
13. Jeff R. Gehlhausen
14. Jon Klein
15. Carolina Lucas
16. Tianyang Mao
17. Julio Silva
18. Mario A. Peña-Hernández
19. Alexandra Tabachnikova
20. Takehiro Takahashi
21. Laura Tabacof
22. Jenna Tosto-Mancuso
23. Erica Breyman
24. Amy Kontorovich
25. Dayna McCarthy
26. Martha Quezado
27. Marco Hefti
28. Daniel Perl
29. Rebecca Folkerth
30. David Putrino
31. Avi Nath
32. Akiko Iwasaki
33. Michelle Monje

Reviewed by ScreenIT

Suppressed prefrontal neuronal firing variability and impaired social representation in IRSp53-mutant mice

1. Woohyun Kim
2. Jae Jin Shin
3. Yu Jin Jeong
4. Kyungdeok Kim
5. Jung Won Bae
6. Young Woo Noh
7. Seungjoon Lee
8. Woochul Choi
9. Se-Bum Paik
10. Min Whan Jung
11. Eunee Lee
12. Eunjoon Kim

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper is of interest for neuroscientists studying neocortical neural activity related to social behavior, with a connection to mouse models of neuropsychiatric disorders. The work provides new data on how loss-of-function of postsynaptic scaffolding and adaptor protein IRSp53 (encoded by the BAIAP2 gene) impacts prefrontal cortex activity and social interaction in mice. Overall, the experiments are properly controlled, although further analysis and interpretations are needed.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife