Neuroscience

Cerebellum encodes and influences the initiation, performance, and termination of discontinuous movements in mice

1. Michael A Gaffield
2. Britton A Sauerbrei
3. Jason M Christie

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Gaffield and Christie investigate how the cerebellum contributes to the reward-driven, periodic licking behavior by using electrophysiology and calcium imaging in awake mice. The authors reveal that the cerebellar Purkinje cells can signal temporal information about the onset and offset of ongoing movements: this may be potentially important in understanding the mechanism for cerebellar temporal processing. However, further data analysis is required to support the main conclusion.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

The Digital Brain Bank, an open access platform for post-mortem imaging datasets

1. Benjamin C Tendler
2. Taylor Hanayik
3. Olaf Ansorge
4. Sarah Bangerter-Christensen
5. Gregory S Berns
6. Mads F Bertelsen
7. Katherine L Bryant
8. Sean Foxley
9. Martijn P van den Heuvel
10. Amy FD Howard
11. Istvan N Huszar
12. Alexandre A Khrapitchev
13. Anna Leonte
14. Paul R Manger
15. Ricarda AL Menke
16. Jeroen Mollink
17. Duncan Mortimer
18. Menuka Pallebage-Gamarallage
19. Lea Roumazeilles
20. Jerome Sallet
21. Lianne H Scholtens
22. Connor Scott
23. Adele Smart
24. Martin R Turner
25. Chaoyue Wang
26. Saad Jbabdi
27. Rogier B Mars
28. Karla L Miller

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper will be of interest to a large class of neuroscientists who work with MRI. It presents the Digital Brain Bank website and project, which is an effort to curate and share high-quality post-mortem co-registered MRI and histology data of healthy human brains, pathological human brains, and brains from a variety of other species. These data allow investigators to address scientific questions that cannot be answered with in vivo imaging alone and are accompanied by an online browser-based viewer. The described datasets provide a highly valuable resource for multiscale investigations of brain architecture and comparative neuroanatomy, which is unique in its selection of modalities and species.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1, Reviewer #2 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

The enteric nervous system of the C. elegans pharynx is specified by the Sine oculis-like homeobox gene ceh-34

1. Berta Vidal
2. Burcu Gulez
3. Wen Xi Cao
4. Eduardo Leyva-Díaz
5. Molly B Reilly
6. Tessa Tekieli
7. Oliver Hobert

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper will be of interest to developmental neurobiologists working on the transcriptional control of neural cell fate and connectivity. The data largely support the authors' finding that a single homeodomain transcription factor is a circuit-wide specifier of cell fate that functions combinatorially with other factors in the development of the C. elegans pharyngeal nervous system. The authors speculate about intriguing similarities between the nematode pharyngeal nervous system and vertebrate enteric nervous systems.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Constructing the hierarchy of predictive auditory sequences in the marmoset brain

1. Yuwei Jiang
2. Misako Komatsu
3. Yuyan Chen
4. Ruoying Xie
5. Kaiwei Zhang
6. Ying Xia
7. Peng Gui
8. Zhifeng Liang
9. Liping Wang

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper will be of interest to neuroscientists interested in predictive coding. By using complementary neuroimaging and electrophysiological methods to measure brain-wide activation patterns in marmosets in response to sound pattern violations, the authors provide evidence for the hierarchical organization of predictive coding across subcortical and cortical levels of the auditory pathway.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Microsaccades as a marker not a cause for attention-related modulation

1. Gongchen Yu
2. James P Herman
3. Leor N Katz
4. Richard J Krauzlis

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This is very much needed work, especially in light of the recent debate regarding whether or not microsaccades are the cause of peripheral attentional effects. A few influential papers have been published recently strongly suggesting that attentional effects are primarily the result of the execution of tiny microsaccades that humans/primates perform during fixation while attending to peripheral stimuli. These past findings have, naturally, a number of implications for the way we interpret visual attention, and raised the question of whether shifts of attention are dependent on microsaccades. By explicitly comparing and quantifying the effects of attention on neuronal responses in the presence and in the absence of microsaccades, this work provides important insights into this debate.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #2 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

NRP1 and furin as putative mediators of SARS-CoV-2 entry into human brain cells

1. Ashutosh Kumar
2. Ravi K. Narayan
3. Sujeet Kumar
4. Vikas Pareek
5. Chiman Kumari
6. Rakesh K. Jha
7. Pranav Prasoon

Reviewed by ScreenIT

Diversification of multipotential postmitotic mouse retinal ganglion cell precursors into discrete types

1. Karthik Shekhar
2. Irene E Whitney
3. Salwan Butrus
4. Yi-Rong Peng
5. Joshua R Sanes

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This study using single cell RNA Seq to profile developing retinal ganglion cells from embryonic and postnatal mouse retina explores the diversification of this class of neurons into specific subtypes. The computational approaches developed identify groups of RGC precursors with largely non-overlapping fates, distinguished by selectively expressed transcription factors that could act as fate determinants. The aim is to show that over time, clusters of cells become "decoupled" as they split into subclusters, and this process is associated with changes in the expression of specific transcription factors. This leads to the proposal that subtype diversification arises as a gradual, asynchronous fate restriction of postmitotic multipotential precursors. These findings enable the prediction of lineage relationships among RGC subtypes and the developmental time when these specification events occur, and should be of great interest to the developmental neurobiology community.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

First-order visual interneurons distribute distinct contrast and luminance information across ON and OFF pathways to achieve stable behavior

1. Madhura D Ketkar
2. Burak Gür
3. Sebastian Molina-Obando
4. Maria Ioannidou
5. Carlotta Martelli
6. Marion Silies

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper will be of interest to neuroscientists studying visual processing and is also more broadly relevant to understanding how sensory systems process information. The paper reveals several new insights into how first-order interneurons in the fly visual system encode visual features that help guide behavior.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Exploring the expression patterns of palmitoylating and de-palmitoylating enzymes in the mouse brain using the curated RNA-seq database BrainPalmSeq

1. Angela R Wild
2. Peter W Hogg
3. Stephane Flibotte
4. Glory G Nasseri
5. Rocio B Hollman
6. Danya Abazari
7. Kurt Haas
8. Shernaz X Bamji

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper will be of broad interest to neuroscientists, providing a rich resource for future research. Using available RNAseq data the authors build an easy-to-work-with web platform which will enable researchers to survey the expression patterns of palmitoylating and de-palmitoylating enzymes and their potential co-expressed substrates within the mouse nervous system. Using this map, the authors test hypotheses about the relationship between these enzymes and neurological diseases and generate hypotheses about enzyme/substrate relationships based on expression correlations.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

A discrete parasubthalamic nucleus subpopulation plays a critical role in appetite suppression

1. Jessica H Kim
2. Grace H Kromm
3. Olivia K Barnhill
4. Jacob Sperber
5. Lauren B Heuer
6. Sierra Loomis
7. Matthew C Newman
8. Kenneth Han
9. Faris F Gulamali
10. Theresa B Legan
11. Katharine E Jensen
12. Samuel C Funderburk
13. Michael J Krashes
14. Matthew E Carter

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper will be of interest to neuroscientists studying ingestive behavior and control of body weight. It reveals two distinct subsets of neurons within a little-studied brain area that are both activated by feeding, but only of them contributes to hormone-mediated suppression of feeding. The combination of molecular profiling and functional modulation of the neurons compellingly support the claims of the paper.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife