Neuroscience

Distinct nano-structures support a multifunctional role of actin at presynapses

1. Dominic Bingham
2. Florian Wernert
3. Julie Da Costa Moura
4. Fanny Boroni-Rueda
5. Nikki van Bommel
6. Ghislaine Caillol
7. Marie-Jeanne Papandréou
8. Christophe Leterrier

Reviewed by Review Commons

Oscillations support short latency co-firing of neurons during human episodic memory formation

1. Frédéric Roux
2. George Parish
3. Ramesh Chelvarajah
4. David T Rollings
5. Vijay Sawlani
6. Hajo Hamer
7. Stephanie Gollwitzer
8. Gernot Kreiselmeyer
9. Marije J ter Wal
10. Luca Kolibius
11. Bernhard P Staresina
12. Maria Wimber
13. Matthew W Self
14. Simon Hanslmayr

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Roux and colleagues measured spiking activity and local field potentials predominantly from the hippocampus and also a few surrounding structures in the medial temporal lobe from patients with pharmacologically intractable epilepsy while the patients performed a cued-recall task. They report differences in local spike-field coherence measurements between hits and misses in the gamma frequency band and differences in both local and distal spike-field coherence measurements between hits and misses in the theta frequency band. The authors further report differences in the timing of spikes between pairs of neurons, with hits correlated with putative downstream neurons firing about 30 ms after putative upstream neurons and misses correlated with delays of about 60 ms. Overall, these are interesting observations that provide intriguing data to further think about how neurons in the medial temporal lobe correlate with recognition memory.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #2 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Stereotyped behavioral maturation and rhythmic quiescence in C. elegans embryos

1. Evan L Ardiel
2. Andrew Lauziere
3. Stephen Xu
4. Brandon J Harvey
5. Ryan Patrick Christensen
6. Stephen Nurrish
7. Joshua M Kaplan
8. Hari Shroff

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Embryonic behavior is a widespread phenomenon that remains poorly understood in any system. Ardiel et al. describe new quantitative methods for imaging late embryo behavior in C. elegans, which will be of great interest as a technical innovation. They identify a novel rhythmic behavior (which they call slow wave twitch) in very late embryogenesis that includes repeated periods of quiescence, and show that this behavior depends on a known pro-sleep neuron and neuropeptide. Although the biological function of the rhythmic sleep behavior is unclear, it has the potential to serve as a model for understanding the mechanisms and purposes of sleep in other model organisms.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

The length of the thalamo-cortical white matter fibers brings insight into sex differences in sleep spindle frequency

1. Pierre-Olivier Gaudreault
2. Jean-Marc Lina
3. Maxime Descoteaux
4. Nadia Gosselin
5. Julien Doyon
6. Samuel Deslauriers-Gauthier
7. Julie Carrier

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This valuable paper addresses an important question about the neuroanatomical markers of individual and sex differences in sleep spindle frequency. The authors report associations between an anatomical marker - the length of the white matter fibre bundles underlying the thalamocortical loop and sleep spindle frequency, and highlight that the length of the white matter projections from the thalamus to the frontal cortex mediates sex differences in the sleep spindle frequency. This work advances the field of sleep and brain research by showing for the first time the association between the anatomy of a specific brain network and specific functional characteristics.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Early life stressful experiences escalate aggressive behavior in adulthood via changes in transthyretin expression and function

1. Rohit Singh Rawat
2. Aksheev Bhambri
3. Muneesh Pal
4. Avishek Roy
5. Suman Jain
6. Beena Pillai
7. Arpita Konar

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This work will be of interest to biological and clinical specialists interested in the fields of behavioural neuroscience, biological psychiatry, neuroendocrinology, and developmental psychology for its focus on the origins of adult aggressive behavior in early life stress. The authors used an unbiased transcriptomic analysis and identified the thyroid hormone system as a potential mediator of the enduring impact of early stress and aberrant aggressive behavior in adulthood.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

A dopamine-gated learning circuit underpins reproductive state-dependent odor preference in Drosophila females

1. Ariane C Boehm
2. Anja B Friedrich
3. Sydney Hunt
4. Paul Bandow
5. KP Siju
6. Jean Francois De Backer
7. Julia Claussen
8. Marie Helen Link
9. Thomas F Hofmann
10. Corinna Dawid
11. Ilona C Grunwald Kadow

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  In this manuscript, the authors explore the circuit mechanism underlying mating-induced change of odor preference in Drosophila. Olfactory cues during mating induce a long-lasting increase in attraction to polyamines in female flies. The authors use a combination of neurogenetics, imaging, and behaviour to identify elements of the mushroom body and lateral horn circuitry involved in this behaviour. The importance of mushroom body plasticity in female postmating changes highlights a novel pathway for these changes and reveals the variety of mechanisms by which the brain can encode experience and adapt behavior. This paper will be of interest to scientists within the field of reproductive behaviors and neuroscience of internal states.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Representational integration and differentiation in the human hippocampus following goal-directed navigation

1. Corey Fernandez
2. Jiefeng Jiang
3. Shao-Fang Wang
4. Hannah Lee Choi
5. Anthony D Wagner

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This is a carefully designed and analysed fMRI study investigating how neural representations in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex change as a function of local and global spatial learning. It will be of much interest to researchers studying the differentiation and integration of memories and the formation of cognitive maps. The results provide new insight into how local and global knowledge about our environment is represented, but some of the conclusions and interpretations could be strengthened with additional analyses.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Neural signatures of auditory hypersensitivity following acoustic trauma

1. Matthew McGill
2. Ariel E Hight
3. Yurika L Watanabe
4. Aravindakshan Parthasarathy
5. Dongqin Cai
6. Kameron Clayton
7. Kenneth E Hancock
8. Anne Takesian
9. Sharon G Kujawa
10. Daniel B Polley

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This study uses a mouse model of hyperacusis to further explore the hypothesis that this condition may be mediated by cortical hyperactivity. The authors here provide interesting optogenetic and calcium imaging experiments that reinforce this hypothesis and refine our understanding of the related plastic changes that are involved.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1, Reviewer #2 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Experience-driven rate modulation is reinstated during hippocampal replay

1. Margot Tirole
2. Marta Huelin Gorriz
3. Masahiro Takigawa
4. Lilia Kukovska
5. Daniel Bendor

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  We all have had days where there were multiple distinct memorable experiences that we successfully remember as distinct. This paper for the first time focuses on the important question of whether the resting/sleeping hippocampus maintains a clear distinction between replays of different environments and finds that in fact, replays of different tracks are distinct in the sense that both the right sets of neurons are coactive AND their firing rates in replay reflect their firing rates during experiences.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Stability of motor representations after paralysis

1. Charles Guan
2. Tyson Aflalo
3. Carey Y Zhang
4. Elena Amoruso
5. Emily R Rosario
6. Nader Pouratian
7. Richard A Andersen

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Using data from a tetraplegic individual, the authors show that the neural representations for attempted single finger movements after multiple years after the injury is still organized in a way that is typical for healthy participants. They also show that the representational structure does not change during task training on a simple finger classification task, and that the representational structure - even without active motor outflow or sensory inflow - switches from a motor representation to a sensory representation during the trial. The results have important implications for the use and training of BCI devices in humans.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife