Neuroscience

Absence of Systematic Effects of Internalizing Psychopathology on Learning Under Uncertainty

1. Muhammad H Satti
2. Katharina Wille
3. Matthew R Nassar
4. Radoslaw M Cichy
5. Nicolas W Schuck
6. Peter Dayan
7. Rasmus Bruckner

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study provides important results with regard to the ongoing debate of the relationship between internalizing psychopathology and learning under uncertainty. The methods and analyses are solid, and the results are backed by a large sample size, yet the study could still benefit from a more detailed discussion about the difference in experimental design and analysis compared to previous studies. If these concerns are addressed, this study would be of interest to researchers in clinical and computational psychiatry for the behavioral markers of psychopathological symptoms.

Reviewed by eLife

Trisomy 21 impairs synchronized activity and connectivity in developing human down syndrome cortical excitatory neuron networks

1. Manuel Peter
2. Raquel Real
3. Alessio Strano
4. Hugh P. C. Robinson
5. Mark A. Smith
6. Samuel J. Barnes
7. Vincenzo de Paola
8. Frederick J. Livesey

Reviewed by Review Commons

Death receptor 6 does not regulate axon degeneration and Schwann cell injury responses during Wallerian degeneration

1. Bogdan Beirowski
2. Haoran Huang
3. Elisabetta Babetto

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  In this valuable study, through carefully executed and rigorously controlled experiments, the authors challenged a previously reported role of the Death Receptor 6 (DR6/Tnfrsf21) in Wallerian degeneration (WD). Using two DR6 knockout mouse lines and multiple WD assays, both in vitro and in vivo, the authors provided convincing evidence that loss of DR6 in mice does not protect peripheral axons from WD after injury. Questions remain about whether this conclusion is generalizable to CNS axonal degeneration in disease models such as ALS, AD, and prion diseases. In addition, the authors need to provide information about the sex, age, and genetic background of their animal studies to allow readers to better assess the basis for inconsistencies from previous reports on the protective effects of DR6.

Reviewed by eLife

Generation of knock-in Cre and FlpO mouse lines for precise targeting of striatal projection neurons and dopaminergic neurons

1. Eddy Albarran
2. Akira Fushiki
3. Anders Nelson
4. David Ng
5. Corryn Chaimowitz
6. Laudan Nikoobakht
7. Tanya Sippy
8. Darcy S Peterka
9. Rui M Costa

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important work has the potential to expand the repertoire of transgenic animals for systems neuroscience investigations across multiple fields. The generation of new reagents has the potential to open new directions in experimental design, and the Cas9-based approach for generating mice may provide additional benefits compared to existing BAC transgenic mouse lines. However, whereas some of the imaging data are compelling, quantitative analysis of transgene fidelity is incomplete, as it relies on a qualitative description of reporter XFP expression at low magnification, with some electrophysiological characterization.

Reviewed by eLife

Center-surround inhibition in expectation and its underlying computational and artificial neural network models

1. Ling Huang
2. Shiqi Shen
3. Yueling Sun
4. Shipei Ou
5. Ru-Yuan Zhang
6. Floris P de Lange
7. Xilin Zhang

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This is a methodologically rich manuscript that is important for revealing the center-surround inhibition profile of expectation in orientation space. The analyses are compelling in validating the critical role of predictive coding feedback. The findings provide novel insights into how expectation optimizes perception via enhancement and suppression.

Reviewed by eLife

Brain-wide arousal signals are segregated from movement planning in the superior colliculus

1. Richard Johnston
2. Matthew A Smith

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study presents a valuable finding relating to how the state of arousal is represented within the superior colliculus, a principal visuo-oculomotor structure. The main conclusion that the representation of arousal is segregated, and thus influences visual activity but not motor output, is incompletely supported by the evidence, but could be stronger if a specific concern relating to an alternative explanation for the dichotomy was addressed. The work will be of interest to sensory, motor, and cognitive neuroscientists.

Reviewed by eLife

Sense of control buffers against stress

1. Jennifer C Fielder
2. Jinyu Shi
3. Daniel McGlade
4. Quentin JM Huys
5. Nikolaus Steinbeis

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important research addresses the effects of subjective control and task difficulty on experienced stress using a novel behavioral task administered on the same day in two large online samples. Convincing evidence is provided, establishing the internal and external task validity of the task, as well as a relationship between the sense of control and task difficulty, with individual differences in relevant mental health constructs. Evidence for the specificity of the link between control and stress would be more substantial if the design had not conflated control and reward rate. This work will be of interest to psychologists and clinicians studying the concepts of controllability, stress, and psychopathology.

Reviewed by eLife

When word order matters: human brains represent sentence meaning differently from large language models

1. James Fodor
2. Carsten Murawski
3. Shinsuke Suzuki

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This work provides a valuable comparison of sentence structure representations in the human brain and state-of-the-art Large Language Models (LLMs). Based on solid analysis of 7T fMRI data, it systematically identifies sentences in which LLMs underperform relative to models that explicitly code for syntactic structure. The study will be of significant interest to both cognitive neuroscientists and artificial intelligence researchers.

Reviewed by eLife

Backward Conditioning Reveals Flexibility in Infralimbic Cortex Inhibitory Memories

1. Nura W Lingawi
2. Billy C Chieng
3. R Frederick Westbrook
4. Nathan M Holmes
5. Mark E Bouton
6. Vincent Laurent

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This set of experiments provides a valuable finding regarding the need for prior inhibitory training to recruit the infralimbic cortex in extinction learning. The multiple clever behavioral designs supply converging lines of evidence in a compelling manner, but several issues, such as the group sizes and appropriate analysis of data, render the overall strength of support incomplete. With these issues resolved, this manuscript will be of interest to behavioral neuroscientists, especially those interested in learning & memory and/or cortical function.

Reviewed by eLife

Enhancer-AAVs allow genetic access to oligodendrocytes and diverse populations of astrocytes across species

1. John K Mich
2. Smrithi Sunil
3. Nelson Johansen
4. Refugio A Martinez
5. Jiatai Liu
6. Bryan B Gore
7. Joseph T Mahoney
8. Mckaila Leytze
9. Yoav Ben-Simon
10. Darren Bertagnolli
11. Ravi Bhowmik
12. Yemeserach Bishaw
13. Krissy Brouner
14. Jazmin Campos
15. Ryan Canfield
16. Tamara Casper
17. Nicholas P Donadio
18. Nadezhda I Dotson
19. Tom Egdorf
20. Amanda Gary
21. Shane Gibson
22. Jeff Goldy
23. Erin L Groce
24. Kenta M Hagihara
25. Daniel Hirschstein
26. Han Hou
27. Will D Laird
28. Elizabeth Liang
29. Luke V Loftus
30. Nicholas Lusk
31. Jocelin Malone
32. Naomi X Martin
33. Deja Monet
34. Josh S Nagra
35. Dakota Newman
36. Nhan-Kiet Ngo
37. Paul Olsen
38. Victoria Omstead
39. Ximena Opitz-Araya
40. Aaron Oster
41. Christina A Pom
42. Lydia Potekhina
43. Melissa Reding
44. Christine Rimorin
45. Augustin Ruiz
46. Adriana E Sedeño-Cortés
47. Nadiya V Shapovalova
48. Michael Taormina
49. Naz Taskin
50. Michael Tieu
51. Nasmil J Valera Cuevas
52. Sharon W Way
53. Natalie Weed
54. Vonn Wright
55. Zizhen Yao
56. Thomas Zhou
57. Delissa A McMillen
58. Michael Kunst
59. Medea McGraw
60. Bargavi Thyagarajan
61. Jack Waters
62. Trygve E Bakken
63. Nick Dee
64. Shenqin Yao
65. Kimberly A Smith
66. Karel Svoboda
67. Kaspar Podgorski
68. Yoshiko Kojima
69. Greg D Horwitz
70. Hongkui Zeng
71. Tanya L Daigle
72. Ed S Lein
73. Bosiljka Tasic
74. Jonathan T Ting
75. Boaz P Levi

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study presents convincing findings on creating an exhaustive library of new enhancer-AAVs targeting astrocytes and oligodendrocytes with high potential for both basic and translational work, which will be of value to a large and growing community. However, the outdated description of glial biology in the Introduction, the overstated claims of utility in the Conclusion, and the loose stringency in the criteria used to assemble the library diminish the strengths of the claims. The work will be of interest to neuroscientists working on glial cell biology.

Reviewed by eLife