Neuroscience

I-Spin live, an open-source software based on blind-source separation for real-time decoding of motor unit activity in humans

1. Julien Rossato
2. François Hug
3. Kylie Tucker
4. Ciara Gibbs
5. Lilian Lacourpaille
6. Dario Farina
7. Simon Avrillon

Reviewed by eLife

Rab11 suppresses neuronal stress signaling by localizing dual leucine zipper kinase to axon terminals for protein turnover

1. Seung Mi Kim
2. Yaw Quagraine
3. Monika Singh
4. Jung Hwan Kim

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This important manuscript shows that axonal transport of Wnd is required for its normal degradation by the Hiw ubiquitin ligase pathway. In Hiw mutants, the Wnd protein accumulates in nerve terminals. In the absence of axonal transport, Wnd levels also rise and lead to excessive JNK signaling, disrupting neuronal function. These are interesting findings supported by convincing data. However, how Rab11 is involved in Golgi processing or axonal transport of Wnd is not resolved as it is clear that Rab11 is not travelling with Wnd to the axon.

Reviewed by eLife

The potassium channel subunit KV1.8 (Kcna10) is essential for the distinctive outwardly rectifying conductances of type I and II vestibular hair cells

1. Hannah R Martin
2. Anna Lysakowski
3. Ruth Anne Eatock

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This study provides direct evidence showing that Kv1.8 channels provide the basis for several potassium currents in the two types of sensory hair cells found in the mouse vestibular system. This is an important finding because the nature of the channels underpinning the unusual potassium conductance gK,L in type I hair cells has been under scrutiny for many years. The experimental evidence is compelling and the analysis is rigorous. The study will be of interest to cell and molecular biologists as well as vestibular and auditory neuroscientists.

Reviewed by eLife

A microglia clonal inflammatory disorder in Alzheimer’s disease

1. Rocio Vicario
2. Stamatina Fragkogianni
3. Leslie Weber
4. Tomi Lazarov
5. Yang Hu
6. Samantha Y Hayashi
7. Barbara Craddock
8. Nicholas D Socci
9. Araitz Alberdi
10. Ann Baako
11. Oyku Ay
12. Masato Ogishi
13. Estibaliz Lopez-Rodrigo
14. Rajya Kappagantula
15. Agnes Viale
16. Christine A Iacobuzio-Donahue
17. Ting Zhou
18. Richard M Ransohoff
19. Richard Chesworth
20. Netherlands Brain Bank
21. Omar Abdel-Wahab
22. Bertrand Boisson
23. Olivier Elemento
24. Jean-Laurent Casanova
25. W Todd Miller
26. Frédéric Geissmann

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This fundamental study enhances our understanding of how somatic variants in microglia might influence the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. The evidence supporting the conclusions is compelling, with the authors employing a multi-faceted approach to identify an enrichment of potentially pathogenic somatic mutations in Alzheimer's disease microglia. This research will be of significant interest to those investigating somatic mutations, Alzheimer's disease, microglial biology and cell signalling pathways.

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Analysis of foothold selection during locomotion using terrain reconstruction

1. Karl S Muller
2. Kathryn Bonnen
3. Stephanie M Shields
4. Daniel P Panfili
5. Jonathan Matthis
6. Mary M Hayhoe

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This fundamental study has the potential to substantially advance our understanding of human locomotion in complex real-world settings and opens up new approaches to studying (visually guided) behavior in natural settings outside the lab. The evidence supporting the conclusions is overall compelling. Whereas detailed analyses represent multiple ways to visualize and quantify the rich and complex natural behavior, some of the specific conclusions remain more suggestive at this point. The work will be of interest to neuroscientists, kinesiologists, computer scientists, and engineers working on human locomotion.

Reviewed by eLife

Parallel reconstruction of the excitatory and inhibitory inputs received by single neurons reveals the synaptic basis of recurrent spiking

1. Julian Bartram
2. Felix Franke
3. Sreedhar Saseendran Kumar
4. Alessio Paolo Buccino
5. Xiaohan Xue
6. Tobias Gänswein
7. Manuel Schröter
8. Taehoon Kim
9. Krishna Chaitanya Kasuba
10. Andreas Hierlemann

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This study makes an important effort to observe and quantify synaptic integration in a large and active network of cultured neurons, using simultaneous patch-clamp and large-scale extracellular recordings. They developed a method to distinguish excitatory and inhibitory contributions, show compelling evidence that the subthreshold activity of these neurons is dominated by few presynaptic neurons. They provide convincing statistics about connectivity and network dynamics.

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Complexes of vertebrate TMC1/2 and CIB2/3 proteins form hair-cell mechanotransduction cation channels

1. Arnaud PJ Giese
2. Wei-Hsiang Weng
3. Katie S Kindt
4. Hui Ho Vanessa Chang
5. Jonathan S Montgomery
6. Evan M Ratzan
7. Alisha J Beirl
8. Roberto Aponte Rivera
9. Jeffrey M Lotthammer
10. Sanket Walujkar
11. Mark P Foster
12. Omid A Zobeiri
13. Jeffrey R Holt
14. Saima Riazuddin
15. Kathleen E Cullen
16. Marcos Sotomayor
17. Zubair M Ahmed

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This paper, on the role of calcium and integrin-binding protein 2 and 3 in the hair-cell in the mechano-electrical transduction (MET) apparatus, is a mix of confirmatory studies with new and potentially important data. Some parts, such as zebrafish studies, the modelling and simulations, are regarded as necessary and convincing. Other parts of the paper do not have the same novelty. Both Liang et al. (2021) and Wang et al. (2023) had previously demonstrated a role for CIB2/CIB3 in auditory and vestibular cells in mice. Moreover, there are also data in Riazuddin et al. (2012) paper that demonstrates the importance of CIB2 in zebrafish and Drosophila. Breaking the manuscript up to focus on specific aspects of the problem might alleviate the limitations of this multi-faceted study.

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Cardiac afferent signals can facilitate visual dominance in binocular rivalry

1. John P Veillette
2. Fan Gao
3. Howard C Nusbaum

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This is a binocular rivalry study that uses ECG to present visual stimuli pulsing in line with cardiac events, to examine whether systole-entrained stimuli (i.e. presented during the period where the heart has contracted) are suppressed within visual awareness. Arguably out of line with this idea, the dominance durations were increased for systole-entrained stimuli. The manuscript addresses an important, precisely defined, and theoretically well-motivated question using sophisticated experimental and statistical methods. The interpretation of these results is not straightforward, however, such that they currently only provide incomplete support for the claims.

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Kilohertz transcranial magnetic perturbation (kTMP) as a new non-invasive method to modulate cortical excitability

1. Ludovica Labruna
2. Christina Merrick
3. Angel V Peterchev
4. Ben Inglis
5. Richard B Ivry
6. Daniel Sheltraw

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This important study introduces and evaluates the efficacy of a novel form of non-invasive brain stimulation in humans: kilohertz transcranial magnetic perturbation (kTMP). The evidence provided for the ability of kTMP to increase cortical excitability with minimal sensation is compelling, with two separate replication experiments. Although exploratory in nature, this work represents new avenues for non-invasive brain stimulation research that has potential long-term appeal for both clinical and research applications. This paper will be of significant interest to neuroscientists interested in brain stimulation.

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Blood metabolomic profiling reveals new targets in the management of psychological symptoms associated with severe alcohol use disorder

1. Sophie Leclercq
2. Hany Ahmed
3. Camille Amadieu
4. Géraldine Petit
5. Ville Koistinen
6. Quentin Leyrolle
7. Marie Poncin
8. Peter Stärkel
9. Eloise Kok
10. Pekka J Karhunen
11. Philippe de Timary
12. Sophie Laye
13. Audrey M Neyrinck
14. Olli K Kärkkäinen
15. Kati Hanhineva
16. Nathalie Delzenne

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This study provides valuable insights and allows for hypothesis generation around diet-microbe-host interactions in alcohol use disorder. The strength of the evidence is convincing: the work is done in a rigorous manner in a well-described cohort of patients with AUD before and after withdrawal. There are several weaknesses, including validating the metabolites identified by metabolomics, the cross-sectional study design, the lack of a healthy control group, and the descriptive nature of such clinical cohort studies. Nevertheless, the study provides a wealth of new data that may be the basis for future studies that test causality and elucidate the role of single metabolites in the psychiatric sequela of AUD.

Reviewed by eLife