Immunology

TCR transgenic clone selection guided by immune receptor analysis and single-cell RNA expression of polyclonal responders

1. Nincy Debeuf
2. Sahine Lameire
3. Manon Vanheerswynghels
4. Julie Deckers
5. Caroline De Wolf
6. Wendy Toussaint
7. Rein Verbeke
8. Kevin Verstaen
9. Hamida Hammad
10. Stijn Vanhee
11. Bart N Lambrecht

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The paper illustrates a valuable approach to generating TCR transgenic mice specific for known epitopes. Solid evidence validates the described pipeline for identification of TCRs from single-cell datasets for the generation of TCR transgenic mice, while obviating the need for generation of T-cell lines and hybridomas.

Reviewed by eLife

Tumor-specific antibodies elicited by engineered bacteria promote bladder cancer immunotherapy

1. Mathieu Rouanne
2. Noah Chen
3. Dylan L. Mariuzza
4. Fangda Li
5. Kenia de los Santos-Alexis
6. Thomas M. Savage
7. Rosa L. Vincent
8. Cathy L. Mendelsohn
9. Tal Danino
10. Nicholas Arpaia

Reviewed by PREreview

CD131 Contributes to Ulcerative Colitis Pathogenesis by Promoting Macrophage Infiltration

1. Zhiyuan Wu
2. Lindi Liu
3. Chenchen He
4. Lin Xiao
5. Duo Yun
6. Junliang Chen
7. Zhihao Liu
8. Wenjun Li
9. Qingjie Lv
10. Xiaodong Tan

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic gut inflammatory condition affecting the colon in humans. This study uses human samples as well as a mouse model of colitis induced by a chemical, DSS, to investigate the role of an immune marker, CD131, in UC pathogenesis. The study, as presented, is incomplete, as experimental details are lacking, the statistical analyses are deficient, and there is not yet direct evidence for a CD131-mediated mechanism of gut inflammation.

Reviewed by eLife

Malnutrition drives infection susceptibility and dysregulated myelopoiesis that persists after refeeding intervention

1. Alisa Sukhina
2. Clemence Queriault
3. Elise Hall
4. Kelly Rome
5. Muskaan Aggarwal
6. Elizabeth Nunn
7. Ashley Weiss
8. Janet Nguyen
9. Will Bailis

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important work advances our understanding of the impact of malnutrition on hematopoiesis and subsequently infection susceptibility. Support for the overall claims is convincing in some respects and incomplete in others as highlighted by reviewers. This work will be of general interest to those in the fields of hematopoiesis, malnutrition, and dietary influence on immunity.

Reviewed by eLife

Distinct T-cell receptor (TCR) gene segment usage and MHC-restriction between foetal and adult thymus

1. Jasmine Rowell
2. Ching-In Lau
3. Susan Ross
4. Diana C Yanez
5. Oscar A Peña
6. Benny Chain
7. Tessa Crompton

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important manuscript provides an extensive and convincing analysis of the foetal and adult TCR repertoire in the mouse thymus. A potential implication of the work is that the earliest appearing T cells during ontogeny may have properties that are fundamentally distinct from those appearing later in life. The study will be of interest to immunologists concerned with T cell development and TCR repertoires.

Reviewed by eLife

Tuberculosis susceptibility in genetically diverse mice reveals functional diversity of neutrophils

1. Mariëtta M Ravesloot-Chávez
2. Erik Van Dis
3. Douglas Fox
4. Andrea Anaya Sanchez
5. Scott Espich
6. Xammy H Nguyenla
7. Sagar L Rawal
8. Helia Samani
9. Mallory A Ballinger
10. Henry Thomas
11. Dmitri Kotov
12. Russell Vance
13. Michael W Nachman
14. Sarah A Stanley

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study provides valuable insights into the host's variable susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, using a novel collection of wild-derived inbred mouse lines from diverse geographic locations, along with immunological and single-cell transcriptomic analyses. While the data are convincing, a deeper mechanistic investigation into neutrophil subset functions would have further enhanced the study. This work will interest microbiologists and immunologists in the TB field.

Reviewed by eLife

The protective roles of eugenol on type 1 diabetes mellitus through NRF2-mediated oxidative stress pathway

1. Yalan Jiang
2. Pingping He
3. Ke Sheng
4. Yongmiao Peng
5. Huilan Wu
6. Songwei Qian
7. Weiping Ji
8. Xiaoling Guo
9. Xiaoou Shan

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This useful study partially succeeds in providing solid evidence in support of the therapeutic potential of the plant-derived compound eugenol for ameliorating symptoms associated with STZ-induced oxidative stress, identifying Nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) as a mediator of the effects induced by eugenol. Although the study provides interesting data, there remain concerns associated with the STZ model and the rather superficial mechanistic assessment.

Reviewed by eLife

Inhibition on neutrophil extracellular traps by oligomeric procyanidins alleviate chemotherapy-induced chronic kidney injury via gut-kidney axis

1. Yaqi Luan
2. Weiwei He
3. Kunmao Jiang
4. Shenghui Qiu
5. Lan Jin
6. Xinrui Mao
7. Ying Huang
8. Wentao Liu
9. Jingyuan Cao
10. Lai Jin
11. Rong Wang

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study provides evidence for the role of neutrophil extracellular traps in chronic kidney damage (CKD) induced by chemotherapy and suggests a therapeutic approach to mitigate the kidney pathology caused by the NETs. The study utilizes a sound murine in vivo model of CKD with low-dose administration cisplatin and a genetic model for impairment of NET formation by deletion of the enzyme Pad4. In its current form, the study was seen as incomplete as there is not yet formal demonstration of NET production by neutrophils in the model of CKD used. Additionally, the accuracy and clarity of data presentation could be improved.

Reviewed by eLife

Monoclonal antibodies derived from B cells in subjects with cystic fibrosis reduce Pseudomonas aeruginosa burden in mice

1. Malika Hale
2. Kennidy K Takehara
3. Christopher D Thouvenel
4. Dina A Moustafa
5. Andrea Repele
6. Mary F Fontana
7. Jason Netland
8. Sharon McNamara
9. Ronald L Gibson
10. Joanna B Goldberg
11. David J Rawlings
12. Marion Pepper

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infections is challenging because of intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance to most antibiotic drug classes. Therefore, by using donor B cells in subjects with cystic fibrosis who undergo intermittent or chronic airway PA infections, the authors aimed to isolate B-cell receptors against PA virulence factors and examined their biological activities. The data are solid and the protective antibodies identified in this study could be useful for protection against PA.

Reviewed by eLife

CARD8 inflammasome activation during HIV-1 cell-to-cell transmission

1. Jessie Kulsuptrakul
2. Michael Emerman
3. Patrick S. Mitchell

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  Following up on their previous work, the authors investigated whether cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1 activates the CARD8 inflammasome in macrophages. This is important given that inflammasome activation in myeloid cells triggers proinflammatory cytokine release. The data are solid and support the idea that CARD8 is activated by the viral protease and promotes inflammation. However, time-course analyses in primary T cells and macrophages and further information on the specific inflammasome involved would further increase the significance of the study.

Reviewed by eLife