Immunology

A VgrG2b fragment cleaved by caspase-11/4 promotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection through suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome

1. Yan Qian
2. Qiannv Liu
3. Xiangyun Cheng
4. Chunlei Wang
5. Chun Kong
6. Mengqian Li
7. Chao Ren
8. Dong Jiang
9. Shuo Wang
10. Pengyan Xia

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This valuable study on Pseudomonas subverting host immunity identifies a new immune evasion strategy. There is solid evidence for the cleavage of VgrG2B by Caspase 11 and the generation of fragments that inhibit activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome. This work should be of interest to immunologists and microbiologists.

Reviewed by eLife

Fish CDK2 recruits Dtx4 to degrade TBK1 through ubiquitination in the antiviral response

1. Long-Feng Lu
2. Can Zhang
3. Zhuo-Cong Li
4. Bao-Jie Cui
5. Yang-Yang Wang
6. Ke-Jia Han
7. Xiao Xu
8. Chu-Jing Zhou
9. Xiao-Yu Zhou
10. Yue Wu
11. Na Xu
12. Xiao-Li Yang
13. Dan-Dan Chen
14. Xi-Yin Li
15. Li Zhou
16. Shun Li

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This valuable study uses zebrafish as a model to reveal a role for the cell cycle protein kinase CDK2 as a negative regulator of type I interferon signaling. The evidence supporting the authors' claims is convincing, including both in vivo and in vitro investigative approaches that corroborate a role for CDK2 in regulating TBK1 degradation. In this latest version, the authors included data addressing concerns raised by the reviewers at the first peer review round that strengthens the conclusions. This work will interest cell biologists, immunologists, and virologists.

Reviewed by eLife

Interleukin-1 prevents SARS-CoV-2-induced membrane fusion to restrict viral transmission via induction of actin bundles

1. Xu Zheng
2. Shi Yu
3. Yanqiu Zhou
4. Kuai Yu
5. Yuhui Gao
6. Mengdan Chen
7. Dong Duan
8. Yunyi Li
9. Xiaoxian Cui
10. Jiabin Mou
11. Yuying Yang
12. Xun Wang
13. Min Chen
14. Yaming Jiu
15. Jincun Zhao
16. Guangxun Meng

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study provides important insights into how IL-1 cytokines protect cells against SARS-CoV-2 infection. By inducing a non-canonical RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway, IL-1beta inhibits the ability of SARS-CoV-2 infected cells to fuse with uninfected cells and produce syncytia. Convincing evidence underlies the identification of the key signaling components required for this inhibitory phenotype, and suggests that this process may also function to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo.

Reviewed by eLife

Hepatitis E Virus-induced antiviral response by plasmacytoid dendritic cells is modulated by the ORF2 protein

1. Garima Joshi
2. Elodie Décembre
3. Jacques Brocard
4. Claire Montpellier
5. Martin Ferrié
6. Omran Allatif
7. Ann-Kathrin Mehnert
8. Johann Pons
9. Delphine Galiana
10. Viet Loan Dao Thi
11. Nolwenn Jouvenet
12. Laurence Cocquerel
13. Marlène Dreux

Reviewed by Review Commons

B cell expression of the enzyme PexRAP, an intermediary in ether lipid biosynthesis, promotes antibody responses and germinal center size

1. Sung Hoon Cho
2. Marissa A Jones
3. Kaylor Meyer
4. David M Anderson
5. Sergei Chetyrkin
6. M Wade Calcutt
7. Richard M Caprioli
8. Clay F Semenkovich
9. Mark R Boothby

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study provides useful insights into the ways in which germinal center B cell metabolism, particularly lipid metabolism, affects cellular responses. The authors use sophisticated mouse models to demonstrate that ether lipids are relevant for B cell homeostasis and efficient humoral responses. Although the data were collected from in vitro and in vivo experiments and analyzed using solid and validated methodology, more careful experiments and extensive revision of the manuscript will be required to strengthen the authors' conclusions.

Reviewed by eLife

The Mac1 ADP-ribosylhydrolase is a Therapeutic Target for SARS-CoV-2

1. Rahul K Suryawanshi
2. Priyadarshini Jaishankar
3. Galen J Correy
4. Moira M Rachman
5. Patrick C O’Leary
6. Taha Y Taha
7. Francisco J Zapatero-Belinchón
8. Maria McCavitt-Malvido
9. Yagmur U Doruk
10. Maisie GV Stevens
11. Morgan E Diolaiti
12. Manasi P Jogalekar
13. Alicia L Richards
14. Mauricio Montano
15. Julia Rosecrans
16. Michael Matthay
17. Takaya Togo
18. Ryan L Gonciarz
19. Saumya Gopalkrishnan
20. R Jeffrey Neitz
21. Nevan J Krogan
22. Danielle L Swaney
23. Brian K Shoichet
24. Melanie Ott
25. Adam R Renslo
26. Alan Ashworth
27. James S Fraser

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important work presents the development of a novel inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 that has potential utility both as an antiviral therapeutic and as a tool for probing the molecular mechanisms by which infection-induced ADP-ribosylation triggers robust host antiviral responses. The evidence supporting the claims is generally convincing but could be improved if the authors expanded the phenotypic characterization of the compound and its potential effects on both viral and host targets.

Reviewed by eLife

A protein kinase A-regulated centrosomal actin pool sets the threshold for T cell polarization

1. Morgane Simao
2. Fabienne Régnier
3. Clotilde Randriamampita

Reviewed by Review Commons

Aurora kinase A promotes trained immunity via regulation of endogenous S-adenosylmethionine metabolism

1. Mengyun Li
2. Huan Jin
3. Yongxiang Liu
4. Zining Wang
5. Lin Li
6. Tiantian Wang
7. Xiaojuan Wang
8. Hongxia Zhang
9. Bitao Huo
10. Tiantian Yu
11. Shoujie Wang
12. Wei Zhao
13. Jinyun Liu
14. Peng Huang
15. Jun Cui
16. Xiaojun Xia

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The authors use a range of techniques to examine the role of Aurora Kinase A (AurA) in trained immunity. The study is hypothesis driven, it uses solid experimental approaches, and the data are presented in a logical manner. The findings are valuable to the trained immunity field because they provide an in-depth look at a common inducer of trained immunity, beta-glucan.

Reviewed by eLife

The Human Mitochondrial Genome Encodes for an Interferon-Responsive Host Defense Peptide

1. Michelle C Rice
2. Maria Imun
3. Sang Wun Jung
4. Chan Yoon Park
5. Jessica S Kim
6. Rochelle W Lai
7. Casey R Barr
8. Jyung Mean Son
9. Kathleen Tor
10. Emmeline Kim
11. Ryan J Lu
12. Ilana Cohen
13. Bérénice A Benayoun
14. Changhan Lee

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This valuable study presents findings on the mode of action of MOTS-c (mitochondrial open reading frame from the twelve S rRNA type-c), and its impact on monocyte-derived macrophages. The authors present solid evidence for its increased expression in stimulated monocytes/macrophages, its direct bactericidal functions, as well as its role in the modulation of monocyte differentiation into macrophages. Since most of the data were generated from a cell line (THP1), future work is required to validate observations in primary cells and to further support the claims of this work.

Reviewed by eLife

A pair of congenic mice for imaging of transplants by positron emission tomography using anti-transferrin receptor nanobodies

1. Thomas Balligand
2. Claire Carpenet
3. Sergi Olive-Palau
4. Tom Jaspers
5. Pavana Suresh
6. Xin Liu
7. Himadri Medhi
8. Yoon Ho Lee
9. Mohammad Rashidian
10. Bart De Strooper
11. Hidde L. Ploegh
12. Maarten Dewilde

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  In this innovative study, Carpenet C et al explore the use of nanobody-based PET imaging to track proliferative cells after in vivo transplantation in mice, in a fully immunocompetent setting. The development of a unique set of PET tracers and mouse strains to track genetically-unmodified transplanted cells in vivo is an important novel asset that could potentially facilitate cell tracking. The evidence provided is compelling as the new method proposed might facilitate overcoming certain limitations of alternative approaches, such as full sized immunoglobulins and small molecules, while the specific claims would gain further support by additional experimentation and methodological details.

Reviewed by eLife