Immunology

The Mac1 ADP-ribosylhydrolase is a Therapeutic Target for SARS-CoV-2

1. Rahul K Suryawanshi
2. Priyadarshini Jaishankar
3. Galen J Correy
4. Moira M Rachman
5. Patrick C O’Leary
6. Taha Y Taha
7. Francisco J Zapatero-Belinchón
8. Maria McCavitt-Malvido
9. Yagmur U Doruk
10. Maisie GV Stevens
11. Morgan E Diolaiti
12. Manasi P Jogalekar
13. Alicia L Richards
14. Mauricio Montano
15. Julia Rosecrans
16. Michael Matthay
17. Takaya Togo
18. Ryan L Gonciarz
19. Saumya Gopalkrishnan
20. R Jeffrey Neitz
21. Nevan J Krogan
22. Danielle L Swaney
23. Brian K Shoichet
24. Melanie Ott
25. Adam R Renslo
26. Alan Ashworth
27. James S Fraser

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important work presents the development of a novel inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 that has potential utility both as an antiviral therapeutic and as a tool for probing the molecular mechanisms by which infection-induced ADP-ribosylation triggers robust host antiviral responses. The evidence supporting the claims is generally convincing but could be improved if the authors expanded the phenotypic characterization of the compound and its potential effects on both viral and host targets.

Reviewed by eLife

A protein kinase A-regulated centrosomal actin pool sets the threshold for T cell polarization

1. Morgane Simao
2. Fabienne Régnier
3. Clotilde Randriamampita

Reviewed by Review Commons

Aurora kinase A promotes trained immunity via regulation of endogenous S-adenosylmethionine metabolism

1. Mengyun Li
2. Huan Jin
3. Yongxiang Liu
4. Zining Wang
5. Lin Li
6. Tiantian Wang
7. Xiaojuan Wang
8. Hongxia Zhang
9. Bitao Huo
10. Tiantian Yu
11. Shoujie Wang
12. Wei Zhao
13. Jinyun Liu
14. Peng Huang
15. Jun Cui
16. Xiaojun Xia

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The authors use a range of techniques to examine the role of Aurora Kinase A (AurA) in trained immunity. The study is hypothesis driven, it uses solid experimental approaches, and the data are presented in a logical manner. The findings are valuable to the trained immunity field because they provide an in-depth look at a common inducer of trained immunity, beta-glucan.

Reviewed by eLife

The Human Mitochondrial Genome Encodes for an Interferon-Responsive Host Defense Peptide

1. Michelle C Rice
2. Maria Imun
3. Sang Wun Jung
4. Chan Yoon Park
5. Jessica S Kim
6. Rochelle W Lai
7. Casey R Barr
8. Jyung Mean Son
9. Kathleen Tor
10. Emmeline Kim
11. Ryan J Lu
12. Ilana Cohen
13. Bérénice A Benayoun
14. Changhan Lee

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This valuable study presents findings on the mode of action of MOTS-c (mitochondrial open reading frame from the twelve S rRNA type-c), and its impact on monocyte-derived macrophages. The authors present solid evidence for its increased expression in stimulated monocytes/macrophages, its direct bactericidal functions, as well as its role in the modulation of monocyte differentiation into macrophages. Since most of the data were generated from a cell line (THP1), future work is required to validate observations in primary cells and to further support the claims of this work.

Reviewed by eLife

A pair of congenic mice for imaging of transplants by positron emission tomography using anti-transferrin receptor nanobodies

1. Thomas Balligand
2. Claire Carpenet
3. Sergi Olive-Palau
4. Tom Jaspers
5. Pavana Suresh
6. Xin Liu
7. Himadri Medhi
8. Yoon Ho Lee
9. Mohammad Rashidian
10. Bart De Strooper
11. Hidde L Ploegh
12. Maarten Dewilde

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  In this innovative study, Carpenet C et al explore the use of nanobody-based PET imaging to track proliferative cells after in vivo transplantation in mice, in a fully immunocompetent setting. The development of a unique set of PET tracers and mouse strains to track genetically-unmodified transplanted cells in vivo is an important novel asset that could potentially facilitate cell tracking. The evidence provided is compelling as the new method proposed might facilitate overcoming certain limitations of alternative approaches, such as full sized immunoglobulins and small molecules, while the specific claims would gain further support by additional experimentation and methodological details.

Reviewed by eLife

Early and delayed STAT1-dependent responses drive local trained immunity of macrophages in the spleen

1. Aryeh Solomon
2. Noa Bossel Ben-Moshe
3. Dotan Hoffman
4. Sébastien Trzebanski
5. Dror Yehezkel
6. Leia Vainman
7. Mihai G Netea
8. Roi Avraham

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important work advances our understanding of the contribution of tissue-resident immune cells to trained immunity phenotypes. The evidence supporting the claims is convincing, with results that will be of interest to immunologists and scientists studying the host-pathogen interface.

Reviewed by eLife

Role of hepatocyte RIPK1 in maintaining liver homeostasis during metabolic challenges

1. Weigao Zhang
2. Hu Liu
3. Danyang Zhang
4. Yuguo Yi
5. Liang Tao
6. Yunfeng Zhu
7. Shuxian Huang
8. Xunan Zhao
9. Qianchao Shao
10. Peiqi Li
11. Yiwen Weng
12. Wei Lu
13. Jianfa Zhang
14. Haibing Zhang
15. Yuxin Chen
16. Dan Weng

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study provides insights into the physiological role of RIPK1 in liver physiology, particularly during short-term fasting. The discovery that RIPK1 deficiency sensitizes the liver to acute injury and hepatocyte apoptosis is based on convincing evidence, highlighting the importance of RIPK1 in maintaining liver homeostasis under metabolic stress. The work will be of relevance to anyone studying liver pathologies.

Reviewed by eLife

SICKO: Systematic Imaging of Caenorhabditis Killing Organisms

1. Luis S Espejo
2. Samuel Freitas
3. Vanessa Hofschneider
4. Leah Chang
5. Angelo Antenor
6. Jonah Balsa
7. Anne Haskins
8. Destiny DeNicola
9. Hope Dang
10. Sage Hamming
11. Delaney Kelser
12. George L Sutphin

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This work describes a valuable method, SICKO, for real-time longitudinal quantification of bacterial colonization in the gut of individual C. elegans. The authors present convincing evidence to support the validity of the approach. SICKO provides an experimental framework that will enable progress in our understanding of host-microbe interactions.

Reviewed by eLife

Systematic evaluation of intratumoral and peripheral BCR repertoires in three cancers

1. Sofia V Krasik
2. Ekaterina A Bryushkova
3. George V Sharonov
4. Daria S Myalik
5. Elizaveta V Shurganova
6. Dmitry V Komarov
7. Irina A Shagina
8. Polina S Shpudeiko
9. Maria A Turchaninova
10. Maria T Vakhitova
11. Igor V Samoylenko
12. Dimitr T Marinov
13. Lev V Demidov
14. Vladimir E Zagaynov
15. Dmitriy M Chudakov
16. Ekaterina O Serebrovskaya

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This useful paper systematically evaluates B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoires across tumors, tumor-draining lymph nodes, and peripheral blood in patients with melanoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and colorectal cancer. It investigates the interplay between the tumor microenvironment and immune responses, revealing differences in BCR clonotype maturity, hypermutation, and spatial distribution. The study highlights the heterogeneity in immune responses and provides solid insights into the potential of tumor-infiltrating B cells for therapeutic applications, despite limitations in patient cohort size and sequencing methodology.

Reviewed by eLife

UFMTrack, an Under-Flow Migration Tracker enabling analysis of the entire multi-step immune cell extravasation cascade across the blood-brain barrier in microfluidic devices

1. Mykhailo Vladymyrov
2. Luca Marchetti
3. Sidar Aydin
4. Sasha GN Soldati
5. Adrien Mossu
6. Arindam Pal
7. Laurent Gueissaz
8. Akitaka Ariga
9. Britta Engelhardt

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This work is important because it elucidates how immune cells migrate across the blood brain barrier. In the revised version of this study, the authors present a convincing framework to visualize, recognize and track the movement of different immune cells across primary human and mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells without the need for fluorescence-based imaging using microfluidic devices. This work will be of broad interest to the cancer biology, immunology and medical therapeutics fields.

Reviewed by eLife