Immunology

Somatic hypermutation patterns in immunoglobulin variable regions are established independently of the local transcriptional landscape

1. Ursula E Schoeberl
2. Johanna Fitz
3. Kimon Froussios
4. Renan Valieris
5. Iordanis Ourailidis
6. Marina Makharova
7. Bernd Bauer
8. Tobias Neumann
9. Eva-Maria Wiedemann
10. Monika Steininger
11. Adriana Cantoran Garcia
12. Marialaura Mastrovito
13. Hugo Mouquet
14. Israel Tojal Da Silva
15. Rushad Pavri

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study clarifies that stalled RNA pol II is not sufficient for AID targeting, which is important to the field. The authors provide solid experimental evidence that RNA poll II stalling is not the driving mechanism for AID targeting, and even though the results are generally "negative", they are highly relevant to our current understanding of SHM. The authors propose premature transcription termination as a possible mechanism to determine V gene mutability, but the study does not experimentally address such possibilities. This paper makes investigators rethink the model with which AID finds single-strand DNA in the genome.

Reviewed by eLife

The Immunomechanical Checkpoint PYK2 Governs Monocyte-to-Macrophage Differentiation in Pancreatic Cancer

1. Wenyan Xie
2. Xin Yu
3. Qingxin Yang
4. Nengwen Ke
5. Ping Wang
6. Hao Kong
7. Xiangji Wu
8. Panpan Ma
9. Lang Chen
10. Jie Yang
11. Xiuqin Feng
12. Yuan Wang
13. Hubing Shi
14. Lu Chen
15. Yun-Hua Liu
16. Bi-Sen Ding
17. Qiang Wei
18. Hong Jiang

Reviewed by preLights

Early resident NK cell response to local HIV infection in lymphoid tissue

1. David Perea
2. Alba Gonzalez
3. Nerea Sanchez-Gaona
4. Felix Pumarola
5. Nuria Ortiz
6. Ines Llano
7. Juan Lorente
8. Vicenc Falco
9. Meritxell Genesca
10. Maria J Buzon

Reviewed by preLights

Single-cell profiling of the lung immune cells of diabetes-tuberculosis comorbidity reveals reduced type-II interferon and elevated Th17 responses

1. Shweta Chaudhary
2. Mothe Sravya
3. Falak Pahwa
4. Sureshkumar V
5. Prateek Singh
6. Shivam Chaturvedi
7. Debasisa Mohanty
8. Debasis Dash
9. Ranjan Kumar Nanda

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study presents a valuable finding on the intersection between tuberculosis and diabetes and the impact on immune responses, notably T cell and myeloid cell responses. The single-cell data collected and analyzed are convincing and provide a rich dataset to develop a more detailed understanding of cellular responses during Mtb infection of diabetic mice. Some of the mechanistic claims are incomplete, as there are no experiments performed to clearly define a role for IL-16 or IL-17 in disease. Inclusion of analysis of human samples would have strengthened the conclusions in the paper for translational impact, as well as the inclusion of a DM group alone in addition to DM-TB vs TB in some of the experiments.

Reviewed by eLife

Phase transition of WTAP regulates m6A modification of interferon-stimulated genes

1. Sihui Cai
2. Jie Zhou
3. Xiaotong Luo
4. Chenqiu Zhang
5. Shouheng Jin
6. Jian Ren
7. Jun Cui

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study demonstrates that interferon beta stimulation induces WTAP transition from aggregates to liquid droplets, coordinating m6A modification of a subset of mRNAs that encode interferon-stimulated genes and restricting their expression. The evidence presented is solid, supported by microscopy, immunoprecipitations, m6A sequencing, and ChIP, to show that WTAP phosphorylation controls phase transition and its interaction with STAT1 and the methyltransferase complex.

Reviewed by eLife

Tissue-resident memory CD4+ T cells are sustained by site-specific levels of self-renewal and continuous replacement

1. Jodie Chandler
2. M Elise Bullock
3. Arpit C Swain
4. Cayman Williams
5. Christiaan H van Dorp
6. Benedict Seddon
7. Andrew J Yates

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This paper provides a compelling and rigorous quantitative analysis of the turnover and maintenance of CD4+ tissue-resident memory T cell clones, in the skin and the lamina propria. It provides a fundamental advance in our understanding of CD4 T cell regulation. Interestingly, in both tissues, maintenance involves an influx from progenitors on the time scale of months. The evidence that is based on fate mapping and mathematical inference is strong, although open questions on the interpretation of the Ki67-based fate mapping remain.

Reviewed by eLife

Human giant GTPase GVIN1 forms an antimicrobial coatomer around the intracellular bacterial pathogen Burkholderia thailandensis

1. Weilun Guo
2. Shruti S Apte
3. Mary S Dickinson
4. So Young Kim
5. Miriam Kutsch
6. Jörn Coers

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This is a fundamental discovery revealing two independent IFNγ-induced pathways that restrict bacterial motility: one GBP1-dependent and the other GVIN1-dependent. The findings are supported by compelling evidence. While the paper is already very strong, there are a few points that could be addressed editorially or through the addition of a few key experiments.

Reviewed by eLife

Interleukin 10 controls the balance between tolerance, pathogen elimination and immunopathology in birds

1. Dominique Meunier
2. Ricardo Corona-Torres
3. Kay Boulton
4. Zhiguang Wu
5. Maeve Ballantyne
6. Laura Glendinning
7. Anum Ali Ahmad
8. Dominika Borowska
9. Lorna Taylor
10. Lonneke Vervelde
11. Jorge del Pozo
12. Marili Vasilogianni
13. José Jaramillo-Ortiz
14. Gonzalo Sanchez-Arsuaga
15. Androniki Psifidi
16. Fiona Tomley
17. Kellie A. Watson
18. Michael J. McGrew
19. Mark P. Stevens
20. Damer P. Blake
21. David A. Hume

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  Despite the conserved anti-inflammatory activity in birds, whether IL-10 also controls avian intestinal homeostasis remains unclear. Generating genetic knockouts, Meunier et al. firmly established that a complete lack of IL-10 strengthened immunity against enteric bacteria in chickens, while also aggravating infection-inflicted tissue damage upon parasite infection. The findings presented in this manuscript are valuable, and the strength of evidence is convincing; however, it is advised that the deficiencies and weaknesses pointed out by all the reviewers are meticulously addressed.

Reviewed by eLife

CARD8 inflammasome activation during HIV-1 cell-to-cell transmission

1. Jessie Kulsuptrakul
2. Michael Emerman
3. Patrick S Mitchell

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  In this study, the authors investigated whether HIV-1 cell-to-cell transmission activates the CARD8 inflammasome in macrophages. The data convincingly support the idea that CARD8 is activated by the viral protease, promoting inflammation. The study's significance is further enhanced by including time-course analyses in primary T cells and macrophages and provides valuable insights into the role of CARD8 in HIV-induced inflammation.

Reviewed by eLife

The secreted Nimrod NimB1 negatively regulates early steps of apoptotic cell phagocytosis in Drosophila

1. Asya Dolgikh
2. Samuel Rommelaere
3. Aseel Ghanem
4. Bianca Petrignani
5. Mickael Poidevin
6. Estee Kurant
7. Bruno Lemaitre

Reviewed by Review Commons