Immunology

RBP-J regulates homeostasis and function of circulating Ly6Clo monocytes

1. Tiantian Kou
2. Lan Kang
3. Bin Zhang
4. Jiaqi Li
5. Baohong Zhao
6. Wenwen Zeng
7. Xiaoyu Hu

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This study presents a valuable examination into the role Notch-RBP-J signalling in regulating monocyte subset homeostasis. The data were collected and analysed using solid and validated methodology and can be used as a starting point for exploring the mechanisms involved in RBP-J signalling in non-classical monocytes. The data presented strongly confirm the authors conclusions. However, this paper primarily focuses on providing a description, and additional studies are necessary to fully elucidate the mechanisms through which RBP-J deficiency contributes to the specific increase in Ly6Clo monocyte numbers in both the blood and lungs.

Reviewed by eLife

Neuronal NPR-15 modulates molecular and behavioral immune responses via the amphid sensory neuron-intestinal axis in C. elegans

1. Benson Otarigho
2. Anna Frances Butts
3. Alejandro Aballay

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  The important work by Aballay et al. significantly advances our understanding of how G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate immunity and pathogen avoidance. The authors provide convincing evidence for the GPCR NPR-15 to mediate immunity by altering the activity of several key transcription factors. This work will be of broad interest to immunologists.

Reviewed by eLife

Stimulation-induced cytokine polyfunctionality as a dynamic concept

1. Kevin Portmann
2. Aline Linder
3. Klaus Eyer

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This useful study uses a microfluidic method to evaluate the ability of single human white blood cells to produce combinations of cytokines and the evidence that this takes place is solid. The paper highlights polyfunctionality using data that are similar to a prior dataset from the same group. The authors comment that, in analysis of larger panels, single cells rarely make more than 2 or 3 cytokines so that investigation of 3 cytokines at a time is sufficient to investigate this phenomenon. Coupling this approach to other modes of single cell analysis may provide greater insight into what limits simultaneous production of multiple cytokines.

Reviewed by eLife

A specific innate immune response silences the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a latent infection model in the Drosophila melanogaster host

1. Jing Chen
2. Guiying Lin
3. Kaiyu Ma
4. Zi Li
5. Samuel Liégeois
6. Dominique Ferrandon

Reviewed by Review Commons

Mast cell activation disrupts interactions between endothelial cells and pericytes during early life allergic asthma

1. Régis Joulia
2. Franz Puttur
3. Helen Stölting
4. William J. Traves
5. Lewis J. Entwistle
6. Anastasia Voitovich
7. Minerva Garcia Martín
8. May Al-Sahaf
9. Katie Bonner
10. Elizabeth Scotney
11. Philip L. Molyneaux
12. Richard J. Hewitt
13. Simone A. Walker
14. Laura Yates
15. Sejal Saglani
16. Clare M. Lloyd

Reviewed by Arcadia Science

Nifuroxazide suppresses PD-L1 expression and enhances the efficacy of radiotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma

1. Tiesuo Zhao
2. Pengkun Wei
3. Congli Zhang
4. Shijie Zhou
5. Lirui Liang
6. Shuoshuo Guo
7. Zhinan Yin
8. Sichang Cheng
9. Zerui Gan
10. Yuanling Xia
11. Yongxi Zhang
12. Sheng Guo
13. Jiateng Zhong
14. Zishan Yang
15. Fei Tu
16. Qianqing Wang
17. Jin Bai
18. Feng Ren
19. Zhiwei Feng
20. Huijie Jia

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This valuable study evaluates the effects of nifuroxazide on radiotherapy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Solid evidence is provided to support the conclusion that nifuroxazide facilitates the downregulation of PD-L1 and may improve therapy outcomes when combined with radiotherapy, though the inclusion of additional cell lines and animal models would have strengthened the study. This work will be of interest to cancer biologists and those working in immuno-oncology.

Reviewed by eLife

Paradoxical imbalance between activated lymphocyte protein synthesis capacity and rapid division rate

1. Mina O Seedhom
2. Devin Dersh
3. Jaroslav Holly
4. Mariana Pavon-Eternod
5. Jiajie Wei
6. Matthew Angel
7. Lucas Shores
8. Alexandre David
9. Jefferson Santos
10. Heather Hickman
11. Jonathan W Yewdell

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This study addresses how protein synthesis in activated lymphocytes keeps up with their rapid division, with important findings that are of significance to cell biologists and immunologists endeavouring to understand the 'economy' of the immune system. The work is supported by solid data. Because it proposes non-conventional mechanisms, the study sets the scene for further work in this area.

Reviewed by eLife

TLR2 regulates hair follicle cycle and regeneration via BMP signaling

1. Luyang Xiong
2. Irina Zhevlakova
3. Xiaoxia Z West
4. Detao Gao
5. Rakhilya Murtazina
6. Anthony Horak
7. J Mark Brown
8. Iuliia Molokotina
9. Eugene A Podrez
10. Tatiana V Byzova

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling has traditionally been viewed a surface protein that induces innate immune responses and improves acquired immunity. Here, the authors suggest a different role for TLR2 in the hair cycle. By using a Cre reporter that is largely, but not solely active in hair follicle stem cells, the authors conditionally delete Tlr2 in mice and report that BMP signaling is sustained and hair cycle entry is delayed. Delving further, the authors identify CEP (2-ω-carboxyethyl pyrrole) as an endogenous ligand of TLR2 in hair follicle stem cell regulation. Although a role for TLR2 signaling in hair follicle stem cells is potentially novel and important, the reviewers remain in consensus that evidence presented in two significant areas continues to be incomplete: 1) where TLR2 and CEP are expressed and how specific is their expression to the hair follicle stem cells; 2) whether as the authors suggest, TLR2 functions by regulating BMP signaling in the stem cell niche of the hair follicle.

Reviewed by eLife, preLights

A “suicide” BCG strain provides enhanced immunogenicity and robust protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macaques

1. Alexander A Smith
2. Hongwei Su
3. Joshua Wallach
4. Yao Liu
5. Pauline Maiello
6. H Jacob Borish
7. Caylin Winchell
8. Andrew W Simonson
9. Philana Ling Lin
10. Mark Rodgers
11. Daniel Fillmore
12. Jennifer Sakal
13. Kan Lin
14. Valerie Vinette
15. Dirk Schnappinger
16. Sabine Ehrt
17. JoAnne L. Flynn

Reviewed by Rapid Reviews Infectious Diseases

Activation of the P2RX7/IL-18 pathway in immune cells attenuates lung fibrosis

1. Serena Janho dit Hreich
2. Thierry Juhel
3. Sylvie Leroy
4. Alina Ghinet
5. Frederic Brau
6. Veronique Hofman
7. Paul Hofman
8. Valerie Vouret-Craviari

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This study presents a potentially valuable discovery which indicates that activation of the P2RX7 pathway by the small molecule HEI3090 can reduce lung fibrosis after its establishment by inflammatory damage. If confirmed, the study could clarify the role of specific immune networks in the establishment and progression of lung fibrosis. The presented data and analyses showing the efficacy of HEI3090 small molecule acting via the P2RX7 pathway in reducing lung fibrosis are solid. The studies also show that genetic deletion of P2RX7 itself can reduce the extent of fibrosis. P2RX7 can thus have distinct effects in various phases of the development of lung fibrosis. There is a need for additional definitive studies that specifically identify the discrete phases of when inflammasome activation via P2RX7 signaling can worsen fibrosis versus when the same signaling can be beneficial. It also needs to be established whether distinct immune cell populations mediate the detrimental and beneficial effects of P2RX7 activation in lung fibrosis.

Reviewed by eLife