Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Costus pictus in STZ-Induced Diabetic Sprague Dawley Rats

This study investigated the anti-diabetic properties of the methanolic extract of Costus pictus rhizomes, a plant traditionally recognized for its role in diabetes management, using streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague Dawley rats as the experimental model. A total of 42 SD/NIN male rats were categorized into following four groups: a control group (Normal without disease induction or treatment), a diabetic control group, and two treatment groups receiving Costus pictus extract at oral doses of 50 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg body weight through gavaging. Over a four-week treatment period, key indicators such as body weight, blood glucose levels, biochemical markers were thoroughly evaluated. The results revealed a dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose levels, with the 250 mg/kg dose achieving a 52% reduction by the fourth week, compared to 49.5% at 50 mg/kg. Treated groups also exhibited improved lipid profiles, liver enzyme levels, and kidney function markers compared to diabetic controls. Histopathological analysis showed significant β-cell regeneration in treated groups, particularly at the higher dose, indicating the potential of Costus pictus to restore pancreatic function. This study highlights the therapeutic efficacy of Costus pictus in managing hyperglycaemia and mitigating metabolic dysfunctions associated with diabetes. The plant's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties likely contribute to its beneficial effects, making it a promising alternative to synthetic anti-diabetic agents. While the results are encouraging, further studies are needed to understand the detailed mechanisms of action, optimize dosing, and evaluate clinical efficacy in humans. These findings reinforce the potential of Costus pictus as a cost-effective and natural remedy for diabetes and its complication management.