Pediatric COVID-19 in Southern California: clinical features and viral genetic diversity

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Abstract

As the pandemic enters its fifth month, information regarding COVID-19 in children is rapidly evolving. Here, we explore clinical features and SARS-CoV-2 genetic variation in children presenting with COVID-19. We observed diverse clinical presentations and identified association between disease severity, viral load and age. SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the patients showed limited number of variations and an evolutionary rate comparable to other RNA viruses. We did not identify correlation between disease severity and viral genetic variations. Epidemiological investigation revealed multiple introductions of virus into Southern California.

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.05.28.20104539: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board StatementIRB: Ethics approval: Study design conducted at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles was approved by the Institutional Review Board under IRB CHLA-16-00429.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Viral genome library construction and sequencing: WGS from extracted RNA was performed as previously described using Paragon Genomics CleanPlex SARS-CoV-2 Research and Surveillance NGS Panel18.
    WGS
    suggested: None
    Sample performance was selected based on the following metrics: average depth ≥ 1000x, percent bases covered at 10x ≥ 80% Consensus genome assembly: Nucleotide sequences were aligned with NovoAlign.
    NovoAlign
    suggested: (NovoAlign, RRID:SCR_014818)
    Variants were called, and the profile was compared against the global collection of about 30,000 available virus sequences in CARD.
    CARD
    suggested: (CARD, RRID:SCR_016602)
    Missing bases “N” were trimmed off from the 5’ and 3’ end, and the genomes were aligned to generate a multiple sequence alignment (MSA) with MAFFT (version 7.460) using speed-oriented option - FFT-NS-i (iterative refinement method, two cycles) optimized for large datasets19.
    MAFFT
    suggested: (MAFFT, RRID:SCR_011811)
    The phylogenetic tree was visualized in FigTree v1.4.421.
    FigTree
    suggested: (FigTree, RRID:SCR_008515)
    A Maximum likelihood tree using Bayesian information criteria was generated with IQ-TREE (version 1.15.0)22 using GTR substitution model.
    IQ-TREE
    suggested: (IQ-TREE, RRID:SCR_017254)
    P-value for selection was calculated using Fisher’s exact test for selection in MEGA.
    MEGA
    suggested: (Mega BLAST, RRID:SCR_011920)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.