Prevalence and Clinical Impact of Hypocalcemia in Pediatric COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran

Introduction and Objectives: The global COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on pediatric populations, with varying clinical presentations. Hypocalcemia is a prevalent biochemical abnormality observed in hospitalized patients and is linked to poorer outcomes in infectious diseases, including COVID-19. However, the prevalence and prognostic significance of this condition in pediatric COVID-19 cases remain unclear. This study examines the prevalence of hypocalcemia among pediatric COVID-19 patients and its association with clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed medical records of 1,259 pediatric patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at Children's Medical Center Hospital in Tehran, from March 2020 to March 2021. Serum calcium levels and their correlations with demographic, clinical, and biochemical parameters were assessed using SPSS software. Results Hypocalcemia was observed in 15.1% of patients, with no significant differences in incidence based on gender or age. Hypocalcemic patients experienced longer hospital stays (p < 0.001) and higher oxygen dependency (p < 0.001) compared to normocalcemic patients. Other biochemical parameters, except calcium, remained within normal ranges. Conclusions Hypocalcemia is a prevalent condition in pediatric COVID-19 patients and correlates with disease severity markers, such as extended hospitalization and increased oxygen requirements. Early identification and management of hypocalcemia could improve clinical outcomes. Further research, including randomized controlled trials, is recommended to explore targeted interventions.