Evaluated articles

Evaluation Summary:

This is one of the larger studies investigating the impact of adverse experiences during childhood on adult psychological and psychiatric resilience. Using data from an ongoing cohort study on Icelandic women, Daníelsdóttir and colleagues reported that in the face of accumulated adverse childhood events the prevalence of resilience declines, which supports earlier studies suggesting that resilience is not invincibility. Although the data are limited to women within gender binarism and the operationalization of resilience concept could be improved, the quality of the data, (e.g., sample size), justifies the authors' conclusion that the one way to improve resilience in adulthood lies in facilitating the quality of life in childhood. This paper has the potential to make an important contribution to raising awareness of the adverse childhood experiences and their impact on resiliency, which is of interest to those working on childhood adversity and resilience.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

This paper is of interest within the field of virus infection and RNA methylation. The data in the manuscript provide novel information on RNA methylation during rotavirus infection but do not fully support the conclusion because of several technical issues and experimental design.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

This paper provides behavioral and modeling evidence for the hypothesis that dopamine is involved in the interaction between distinct model-based and model-free control systems. The issue addressed is timely and clinically relevant, and will be of interest to a broad audience interested in dopamine, learning, choice and planning.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

With a series of elegant experiments, the authors have shown that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a critical role in thermogenesis. Involvement of brown fat and mitochondrial chain open new scenarios that may be helpful to define new target pathways for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

This is a well-designed and well-executed study on the computational mechanisms underlying judgements of agency in an action-outcome delay task. The authors report that unlike judgments of confidence, judgments of agency do not recruit metacognitive processes. This difference between agency and confidence could be an important insight, but more needs to be done to address conceptual issues associated with the definition of metacognition, and the specific features of the task and modeling approach used to obtain and interpret the findings.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

This work will be of general interest to those using hemodynamic imaging, such as fMRI, to study the brain. A hemodynamic signature that is modulated by arousal level changes on a trial-to-trial basis, such as those evoked by a difficult task, would both provide insight into arousal influences on cortical activity and characterize a prominent signal in hemodynamic data that is rarely considered. Overall, the data and analyses provide support for this idea, but would benefit from additional analysis, controls, and a better framework for integrating this work with the existing literature and mechanistic understanding of arousal, neural activity, and behavior.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

Despite the broad impact of microsporidia on diverse animals, host factors involved in their invasion have not been characterized. The present study identifies a previously uncharacterized intestinal factor (AAIM-1) that is necessary for efficient infection of early larval stages of C. elegans. The secreted factor has a minor effect mediating resistance to pathogenic bacteria, suggesting more general impact on the susceptibility of the worm to diverse pathogens.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

This manuscript reports on the interaction of LukE toxin with chemokine receptors. The study is extensive and employs a wide array of tools, although further experimentation would be needed to substantiate the inferences made by the authors. The paper will be of interest to scientists interested in host-pathogen interactions as it delves into understanding the molecular mechanism and interactions of an important toxin interacting with cellular receptors.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

The authors have elegantly combined two techniques, air-liquid interface cerebral organoid (ALI-CO) with correlative light and electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-CLEM), to study the ultrastructure of developing human axons. The technique presented is useful and the data is of high quality and well presented. With a somewhat stronger demonstration of the molecular resolution achieved and a description of how this technique can be expanded to study other organoids or cellular structures in non-neuronal cells and tissues, this paper will be of broad interest to neuroscientists and those developing cryo-electron tomography methods.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

Networks of excitatory neurons in the mammalian cortex are capable of responding rapidly and selectively to incoming stimuli. This rapid response is believed to be due to positive feedback among excitatory cells, which necessitates a stabilizing mechanism at circuit and cellular levels. This modelling study shows how short term plasticity at synapses can stabilize the response of a recurrently connected circuit of excitatory and inhibitory cells, whereas intrinsic spike frequency adaptation is unable to stabilise network responses. These findings deepen our understanding of the various mechanisms that can stabilise circuit dynamics and will be of broad interest to neurophysiologists and theoretical neuroscientists.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

The hippocampal CA1 area and the PFC are extensively studied in spatial navigation tasks but relatively less investigated in non-spatial, classical conditioning tasks. The different dynamics between CA1 and PFC during the trace and inter-trial interval periods identified here are insightful. Also, the ensemble reactivation during explicitly non-spatial tasks is novel and fills a critical gap in knowledge. However, the current form does not highlight these novel findings or does not make a strong case on how they contribute to learning. Furthermore, there are a number of experimental and analytical issues that need to be addressed.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

This study is of great interest to cell biologists studying phagocytosis. The work describes a new method for studying phagocytosis; the engulfment of large cargos such as pathogens by the immune system. With this new method, they describe a mechanical force at the rim of the phagocytic cup that function like teeth. This work will advance the field in a new direction.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

Although the synaptonemal complex (SC) is an essential, deeply conserved structure that holds meiotic chromosomes together, the constituent proteins evolve exceptionally rapidly. This rapid evolution in turn has hindered the identification of SC proteins based solely on sequence homology. This manuscript overcomes this challenge by developing and validating a clever protein structure-based approach that leverages sequence divergence - rather than sequence conservation - to identify novel SC components.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

This article identifies a new metabolic pathway in ticks that Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, requires for survival. The authors show that the adiponectin receptor (ISARL) is upregulated after a blood meal and find that the tick complement C1q-like protein (C1QL3) is an ISARL ligand whose knockdown impairs spirochete colonization.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

This study provides experimental evidence supporting an energy optimality principle for walking over uneven terrain. Using a simple rimless wheel model of human walking, the authors previously predicted speed fluctuations to emerge when a step up or down when energy is minimized over the entire walking path. New experimental evidence provides evidence that both anticipatory and reactive adjustments used by the nervous system follow the predictions of an energy minimization principle. The predictive power of an energy-minimization principle during transient, non-steady state behavior is notable. Certain issues regarding the generalizability of the results to variable step lengths and timing, alternative optimality criteria, and limitations of the modeling assumptions should be clarified.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

This paper presents a flow method for measuring the effects of dissolved gases on tissues while having control over tissue concentration. Working with gases can be challenging. The improvements reported here incorporate technology that allows for metabolic characterization of mammalian tissues while precisely controlling the concentration of abundant gases (e.g., oxygen), as well as trace gases (e.g., hydrogen sulfide). The authors utilize their technology to investigate the metabolic impacts of dissolved hydrogen sulfide, at physiological concentrations. This method should be a powerful tool for the field and enable further experimentation.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #2 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

The manuscript by Wakamoto and colleagues presents a general statistical framework to infer selection on a quantitative trait based on measurements of the values of this trait along related cell lineages. The manuscript provides both a detailed explanation of the mathematical underpinnings of the method and an illustration of its application to existing and new cell lineage datasets. The framework is widely applicable to general exponentially growing populations and is not tailored to particular growth models or environmental conditions.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

Although the cellular and molecular mechanisms for insulin secretion regulation are relatively well defined, the precise control of glucagon secretion remains poorly understood. This paper is an elegant and thorough investigation into the role of Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in glucagon secretion. It is known that AVP is a robust activator of calcium response in pancreatic alpha cells leading to glucagon release. The physiological relevance and regulation of this AVP-induced glucagon secretion is unclear. This manuscript goes a long way in closing this gap.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

This paper is of interest to immunologists studying mechanisms of lymphocyte activation and scientists in the broader field of cell mechanics. The work provides new insight into the cooperation among receptors, the actin cytoskeleton, and myosin motors that is required for the formation of a B cell immune synapse. The data support the key claims of the manuscript.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Evaluation Summary:

The study by Koch et al presents new phylogenomic and molecular clock analyses of echinoids. The study uses state of the art phylogenetic approaches and includes 17 newly sequenced genomes and transcriptomes, which are used to estimate the tree topology and divergence times of major groups of echinoids. The molecular clock-estimated times of origin of particular echinoid lineages predate the lineages' appearance on the fossil record by tens of millions of years, prompting re-evaluation of the early evolution of echinoid diversity.

(This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)”