Physiology

Enteroendocrine cell types that drive food reward and aversion

1. Ling Bai
2. Nilla Sivakumar
3. Shenliang Yu
4. Sheyda Mesgarzadeh
5. Tom Ding
6. Truong Ly
7. Timothy V Corpuz
8. James CR Grove
9. Brooke C Jarvie
10. Zachary A Knight

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  The effective approach for targeting select subsets of enteroendocrine cells described here will be important for neuroscientists, endocrinologists, microbiologists, and other scientists studying nutritional biology. The study reveals new detail of how enteroendocrine cells signal through spinal and vagal sensory neurons to control immediate behavior and to guide learning about potential food sources. Overall, the approach is well thought out and the results are interesting and unexpected.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Gene and protein expression and metabolic flux analysis reveals metabolic scaling in liver ex vivo and in vivo

1. Ngozi D Akingbesote
2. Brooks P Leitner
3. Daniel G Jovin
4. Reina Desrouleaux
5. Dennis Owusu
6. Wanling Zhu
7. Zongyu Li
8. Michael N Pollak
9. Rachel J Perry

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  The study provides evidence that specific transcriptional responses may underpin the observation that metabolic rates often scale inversely with body mass. The conclusions are supported by direct measurement of metabolic fluxes in mouse and rat livers, although generalizations to other settings remain to be rigorously tested. The study has broad implications for researching and studying animal metabolism and physiology.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Molecular programming modulates hepatic lipid metabolism and adult metabolic risk in the offspring of obese mothers in a sex-specific manner

1. Christina Savva
2. Luisa A. Helguero
3. Marcela González-Granillo
4. Tânia Melo
5. Daniela Couto
6. Bo Angelin
7. Maria Rosário Domingues
8. Xidan Li
9. Claudia Kutter
10. Marion Korach-André

Reviewed by Review Commons

Residual force enhancement is affected more by quadriceps muscle length than stretch amplitude

1. Patrick Bakenecker
2. Tobias Weingarten
3. Daniel Hahn
4. Brent Raiteri

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  The authors have systematically examined relationships between muscle length and force potentiation in young adults using very carefully conducted and controlled measurements by dynamometry and estimated using patellar tendon shear wave speed. The paper should be of interest to those who study human performance.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Tyrosine phosphorylation tunes chemical and thermal sensitivity of TRPV2 ion channel

1. Xiaoyi Mo
2. Peiyuan Pang
3. Yulin Wang
4. Dexiang Jiang
5. Mengyu Zhang
6. Yang Li
7. Peiyu Wang
8. Qizhi Geng
9. Chang Xie
10. Hai-Ning Du
11. Bo Zhong
12. Dongdong Li
13. Jing Yao

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  The TRPV2 channel plays essential roles in many cell types in the body, including macrophages and cardiomyocytes, but its physiological mechanisms of activation and regulation remain largely unknown. Mo and collaborators describe a novel regulatory mechanism of TRPV2 channels in which phosphorylation at three different tyrosine residues by JAK1 sensitizes channels to activation by 2-APB and heat, whereas de-phosphorylation by PTPN1 reverses sensitization. Changes in the dynamics of TRPV2 channel phosphorylation could have important physiological consequences in many cell types expressing these channels. The data are of significant importance for the scientific community interested in function und relevance of transient receptor potential ion channels.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #2 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Discovery and functional assessment of a novel adipocyte population driven by intracellular Wnt/β-catenin signaling in mammals

1. Zhi Liu
2. Tian Chen
3. Sicheng Zhang
4. Tianfang Yang
5. Yun Gong
6. Hong-Wen Deng
7. Ding Bai
8. Weidong Tian
9. YiPing Chen

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  It is becoming increasingly clear that adipocytes are not homogenous, but rather comprise several distinct subtypes with specific physiological functions. This work presents evidence for the surprising finding of a subpopulation of adipocytes displaying non-canonical Wnt signaling. The possible role of these adipocytes in thermogenesis is more ambiguous, and their physiological function remains unclear.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Unbiased proteomics, histochemistry, and mitochondrial DNA copy number reveal better mitochondrial health in muscle of high-functioning octogenarians

1. Ceereena Ubaida-Mohien
2. Sally Spendiff
3. Alexey Lyashkov
4. Ruin Moaddel
5. Norah J MacMillan
6. Marie-Eve Filion
7. Jose A Morais
8. Tanja Taivassalo
9. Luigi Ferrucci
10. Russell T Hepple

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This study analyzed muscle protein differences between octogenarian master athletes and non-athletes. The data showed that high physical function in octogenarians was associated with the increased mitochondrial proteome, reduced number of muscle fibers impaired by oxphos, and higher mtDNA copy number. The authors propose that this is one of the mechanisms contributing to better performance in master athletes compared with non-athletes, suggesting that mitochondrial health in skeletal muscle is a key feature in inducing improved physical function in the elderly. This article has the potential to generate a significant impact within the field and will be of interest to a broad audience.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Fibronectin meshwork controls epithelial stem cell fate

1. Soline Estrach
2. Lionel Tosello
3. Floriane S. Tissot
4. Laurence Cailleteau
5. Ludovic Cervera
6. Kim B Jensen
7. Chloé C. Féral

Reviewed by Review Commons

Post-translational modification patterns on β-myosin heavy chain are altered in ischemic and nonischemic human hearts

1. Maicon Landim-Vieira
2. Matthew C Childers
3. Amanda L Wacker
4. Michelle Rodriquez Garcia
5. Huan He
6. Rakesh Singh
7. Elizabeth A Brundage
8. Jamie R Johnston
9. Bryan A Whitson
10. P Bryant Chase
11. Paul ML Janssen
12. Michael Regnier
13. Brandon J Biesiadecki
14. J Renato Pinto
15. Michelle S Parvatiyar

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This study reports new post-translational modifications (PTMs) to β-myosin heavy chain, using tissue samples from normal and failing human hearts. Atomistic simulations of myosin molecular dynamics suggest that these PTMs lead to meaningful alterations in structure, solvent exposure, and dynamics of certain regions of the protein. These data and simulations provide a foundation for further work to determine the precise functional significance of β-myosin heavy chain PTMs. The work will be of interest to cell biologists and cardiologists.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Genetic variation of putative myokine signaling is dominated by biological sex and sex hormones

1. Leandro M Velez
2. Cassandra Van
3. Timothy Moore
4. Zhenqi Zhou
5. Casey Johnson
6. Andrea L Hevener
7. Marcus M Seldin

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This elegantly performed systems-genetics paper on the predicted human skeletal muscle secretome highlights the importance of sex and sex hormones in regulating myokine expression and predicted cross-tissue effects. Male and female mice lacking estrogen receptor α (Esr1) were used to understand how estrogen signalling affects myokine genes expression. The methods used and data presented in this manuscript can serve as an important resource for other researchers in the field.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife