Neuroscience

TYK2 as a novel therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s Disease with TDP-43 inclusions

1. Laura E. König
2. Steve Rodriguez
3. Clemens Hug
4. Shayda Daneshvari
5. Alexander Chung
6. Gary A. Bradshaw
7. Asli Sahin
8. George Zhou
9. Robyn J. Eisert
10. Federica Piccioni
11. Sudeshna Das
12. Marian Kalocsay
13. Artem Sokolov
14. Peter Sorger
15. David E. Root
16. Mark W. Albers

Reviewed by PREreview

Dysfunctional S1P/S1PR1 signaling in the dentate gyrus drives vulnerability of chronic pain-related memory impairment

1. Mengqiao Cui
2. Xiaoyuan Pan
3. Zhijie Fan
4. Shulin Wu
5. Ran Ji
6. Xianlei Wang
7. Xiangxi Kong
8. Zhou Wu
9. Lingzhen Song
10. Weiyi Song
11. Jun-Xia Yang
12. Hongjie Zhang
13. Hongxing Zhang
14. Hai-Lei Ding
15. Jun-Li Cao

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying chronic pain-related memory impairment by focusing on S1P/S1PR1 signaling in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. Through behavioral tests (Y-maze and Morris water maze) and RNA-seq analysis, the researchers discovered that S1P/S1PR1 signaling is crucial for determining susceptibility to memory impairment, with decreased S1PR1 expression linked to structural plasticity changes and memory deficits. This work has important significance and a convincing level of evidence, thus offering new insights into the mechanisms underlying chronic pain-related memory impairment.

Reviewed by eLife

Pharyngeal neuronal mechanisms governing sour taste perception in Drosophila melanogaster

1. Bhanu Shrestha
2. Jiun Sang
3. Suman Rimal
4. Youngseok Lee

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This is a useful contribution to our understanding of taste perception. The idea that specific receptors function in the pharynx to mediate responses to carboxylic acids is interesting, although the expression analysis is incomplete. Reviewers also have a number of other suggestions for improvement, including the request that authors provide more details about the methodology used. In general, the claims are supported by solid evidence and add to a growing body of literature on this topic.

Reviewed by eLife, preLights

Endosomal sorting protein SNX4 limits synaptic vesicle docking and release

1. Josse Poppinga
2. Nolan J Barrett
3. L Niels Cornelisse
4. Matthijs Verhage
5. Jan RT van Weering

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study presents a series of results aimed at uncovering the involvement of the endosomal sorting protein SNX4 in neurotransmitter release. While the evidence supporting the conclusions is solid, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This paper will be of interest to cell biologists and neurobiologists.

Reviewed by eLife

Fractal cycles of sleep, a new aperiodic activity-based definition of sleep cycles

1. Yevgenia Rosenblum
2. Mahdad Jafarzadeh Esfahani
3. Nico Adelhöfer
4. Paul Zerr
5. Melanie Furrer
6. Reto Huber
7. Famke F Roest
8. Axel Steiger
9. Marcel Zeising
10. Csenge G Horváth
11. Bence Schneider
12. Róbert Bódizs
13. Martin Dresler

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This valuable study provides a novel method to detect sleep cycles based on variations in the slope of the power spectrum from electroencephalography signals. The method, dispensing with time-consuming and potentially subjective manual identification of sleep cycles, is supported by solid evidence and analyses. This study will be of interest to researchers and clinicians working on sleep and brain dynamics.

Reviewed by eLife

Temporal dynamics analysis reveals that concurrent working memory load eliminates the Stroop effect through disrupting stimulus-response mapping

1. Yafen Li
2. Yixuan Lin
3. Qing Li
4. Yongqiang Chen
5. Zhifang Li
6. Antao Chen

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study investigates how working memory load influences the Stroop effect from a temporal dynamics perspective. Convincing evidence is provided that the working memory load influences the Stroop effect in the late-stage stimulus-response mapping instead of the early sensory stage. This study will be of interest to both neuroscientists and psychologists who work on cognitive control.

Reviewed by eLife

Visual homogeneity computations in the brain enable solving property-based visual tasks

1. Georgin Jacob
2. RT Pramod
3. SP Arun

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study uses carefully designed experiments to generate a useful behavioural and neuroimaging dataset on visual cognition. The results provide solid evidence for the involvement of higher-order visual cortex in processing visual oddballs and asymmetry. However, the evidence provided for the very strong claims of homogeneity as a novel concept in vision science, separable from existing concepts such as target saliency, is incomplete. The authors and the reviewers do not agree on several points, which are explained in the reviews and author response.

Reviewed by eLife

Hierarchical Bayesian modeling of multi-region brain cell count data

1. Sydney Dimmock
2. Benjamin MS Exley
3. Gerald Moore
4. Lucy Menage
5. Alessio Delogu
6. Simon R Schultz
7. E Clea Warburton
8. Conor Houghton
9. Cian O’Donnell

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study proposes an important new approach to analyzing cell-count data that are often undersampled and cannot be correctly assessed with traditional statistical analyses. The presented case studies provide convincing evidence of the superiority of the proposed methodology to existing approaches, which could promote the use of Bayesian statistics among neuroscientists. However, the generalizability of the methodology to other data types is not fully evidenced.

Reviewed by eLife

Dopamine activity encodes the changing valence of the same stimulus in conditioned taste aversion paradigms

1. Maxine K Loh
2. Samantha J Hurh
3. Paula Bazzino
4. Rachel M Donka
5. Alexandra T Keinath
6. Jamie D Roitman
7. Mitchell F Roitman

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study utilizes an elegant approach to examine valence encoding of the mesolimbic dopamine system. The findings are valuable, demonstrating differential responses of dopamine to the same taste stimulus according to its valence (i.e., appetitive or aversive) and in alignment with distinct behavioral responses. The evidence supporting the claims is convincing, resulting from a well-controlled experimental design with minimal confounds and thorough reporting of the data.

Reviewed by eLife

Effects of noise and metabolic cost on cortical task representations

1. Jake Patrick Stroud
2. Michal Wojcik
3. Kristopher Torp Jensen
4. Makoto Kusunoki
5. Mikiko Kadohisa
6. Mark J Buckley
7. John Duncan
8. Mark G Stokes
9. Mate Lengyel

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This work provides a valuable analysis of the effect of two commonly used hyperparameters, noise amplitude and firing rate regularization, on the representations of relevant and irrelevant stimuli in trained recurrent neural networks (RNNs). The results suggest an interesting interpretation of prefrontal cortex (PFC) dynamics, based on comparisons to previously published data from the same lab, in terms of decreasing metabolic cost during learning. The evidence indicating that the mechanisms identified in the RNNs are the same ones operating in PFC was considered incomplete, but could potentially be bolstered by additional analyses and appropriate revisions.

Reviewed by eLife