Neuroscience

Antagonist actions of CMK-1/CaMKI and TAX-6/calcineurin along the C. elegans thermal avoidance circuit orchestrate adaptation of nociceptive response to repeated stimuli

1. Martina Rudgalvyte
2. Zehan Hu
3. Dieter Kressler
4. Jörn Dengjel
5. Dominique A Glauser

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study uses C. elegans to investigate how the Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent kinase CMK-1 regulates adaptation to thermo-nociceptive stimuli. The authors use compelling approaches to identify Calcineurin as a phosphorylation target of CMK-1 and to investigate the relationship between CMK-1 and Calcineurin using gain and loss of function genetic and pharmacological methods. The findings of this study are valuable as they show that CMK-1 and Calcineurin act in separate neurons in an antagonistic and complex manner to regulate thermo-nociceptive adaptation, and these results may be relevant for understanding some chronic human pain conditions.

Reviewed by eLife

WWOX deficiency impairs neurogenesis and neuronal function in human organoids

1. Daniel J. Steinberg
2. Asia Zonca
3. Dania Abdellatif
4. Idan Rosh
5. Irina Kustanovich
6. Osama Hidmi
7. Kian Maroun
8. Shani Stern
9. Jose Davila-Velderrain
10. Rami I. Aqeilan

Reviewed by Review Commons

Neuropeptidergic circuit modulation of developmental sleep in Drosophila

1. Chikayo Hemmi
2. Kenichi Ishii
3. Mana Motoyoshi
4. Masato Tsuji
5. Kazuo Emoto

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The study investigates an emerging research field: the interaction between sleep and development. The authors use Drosophila larvae sleep as a study model and provide valuable insight into how neuropeptide circuitry controls larvae sleep. By using a broad range of behaviour and imaging methods and analysis, the authors conclude a sleep regulatory neural pathway of Hugin-PK2-Dilps in the Drosophila neurosecretory centre IPC. However, the evidence that supports this pathway is incomplete - in particular, the methodology in sleep measurement and the specificity at each step of the Hugin-PK2-Dilps pathway require further clarifying experiments or explanation.

Reviewed by eLife

Neural signatures of model-based and model-free reinforcement learning across prefrontal cortex and striatum

1. Bruno Miranda
2. James L Butler
3. W M Nishantha Malalasekera
4. Timothy EJ Behrens
5. Peter Dayan
6. Steven W Kennerley

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study presents single-unit activity collected during model-based (MB) and model-free (MF) reinforcement learning in non-human primates. The dataset was carefully collected, and the statistical analyses, including the modeling, are rigorous. The evidence convincingly supports different roles for particular cortical and subcortical areas in representing key variables during reinforcement learning.

Reviewed by eLife

Criterion placement threatens the construct validity of neural measures of consciousness

1. Johannes Jacobus Fahrenfort
2. Philippa A Johnson
3. Niels A Kloosterman
4. Timo Stein
5. Simon van Gaal

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This fundamental study provides a critical challenge to a great many studies of the neural correlates of consciousness that were based on post hoc sorting of reported awareness experience. The evidence supporting this criticism is compelling, based on simulations and decoding analysis of EEG data. The results will be of interest not only to psychologists and neuroscientists but also to philosophers who work on addressing mind-body relationships.

Reviewed by eLife

Microglia aging in the hippocampus advances through intermediate states that drive activation and cognitive decline

1. Jeremy M Shea
2. Saul A Villeda

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important work advances our understanding of the aging trajectory and heterogeneity of hippocampal microglia. The authors provide an in-depth characterization of microglia in young and old mice as well as at intermediate time points, which reveals the existence of intermediate states characterized by a distinct transcriptional signature. The experimental approach is solid, especially with the validation of scRNA-seq findings with other methods. The study should be of interest to neuroimmunologists and biologists interested in aging

Reviewed by eLife

Automatic learning mechanisms for flexible human locomotion

1. Cristina Rossi
2. Kristan A Leech
3. Ryan T Roemmich
4. Amy J Bastian

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study introduces a novel split-belt treadmill learning task to reveal distinct and parallel learning sub-components of gait adaptation: slow and gradual error-based perceptual realignment, and a more deliberate and flexible "stimulus-response" style learning process. The behavioural results convincingly support the presence of a non-error-based learning process during continuous movements, and the computational modelling provides comprehensive further evidence for establishing this learning process. These results will be of interest for the broader motor learning community.

Reviewed by eLife

Unexpected mechanisms of sex-specific memory vulnerabilities to acute traumatic stress

1. Rachael E. Hokenson
2. Kiara L. Rodríguez-Acevedo
3. Yuncai Chen
4. Annabel K. Short
5. Sara A. Samrari
6. Brinda Devireddy
7. Brittany J. Jensen
8. Julia J. Winter
9. Christine M. Gall
10. Kiran K. Soma
11. Elizabeth A. Heller
12. Tallie Z. Baram

Reviewed by preLights

Age-related changes in ‘cortical’ 1/f dynamics are linked to cardiac activity

1. Fabian Schmidt
2. Sarah K Danböck
3. Eugen Trinka
4. Dominic P Klein
5. Gianpaolo Demarchi
6. Nathan Weisz

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  Examination of (a)periodic brain activity has gained particular interest in the last few years in the neuroscience fields relating to cognition, disorders, and brain states. Using large EEG/MEG datasets from younger and older adults, the current study provides compelling evidence that age-related differences in aperiodic EEG/MEG signals can be driven by cardiac rather than brain activity. Their findings have important implications for all future research that aims to assess aperiodic neural activity, suggesting control for the influence of cardiac signals is essential.

Reviewed by eLife

Neural geometry from mixed sensorimotor selectivity for predictive sensorimotor control

1. Yiheng Zhang
2. Yun Chen
3. Tianwei Wang
4. He Cui

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This useful study examines the neural activity in the motor cortex as a monkey reaches to intercept moving targets, focusing on how tuned single neurons contribute to an interesting overall population geometry. The presented results and analyses are solid, though the investigation of this novel task could be strengthened by clarifying the assumptions behind the single neuron analyses, and further analyses of the neural population activity and its relation to different features of behaviour.

Reviewed by eLife