Neuroscience

Vascular endothelial-specific loss of TGF-beta signaling as a model for choroidal neovascularization and central nervous system vascular inflammation

1. Yanshu Wang
2. Amir Rattner
3. Zhongming Li
4. Philip M Smallwood
5. Jeremy Nathans

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  Endothelial cell-specific loss of TGF-beta signaling in mice leads to CNS vascular defects, specifically impairing retinal development and promoting immune cell infiltration. The data are solid, showing that loss of TGF-beta signaling triggers vascular inflammation and attracts immune cells specific to CNS vasculature. These findings are important, highlighting TGF-beta's role in maintaining vascular-immune homeostasis and its therapeutic potential in neurovascular inflammatory diseases.

Reviewed by eLife

Early changes in the properties of CA3 engram cells explored with a novel viral tool in mice

1. Dario Cupolillo
2. Noelle Grosjean
3. Catherine Marneffe
4. Julio Viotti
5. Celia Reynaud
6. Severine Deforges
7. Mario Carta
8. Christophe Mulle

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study characterizes and validates a new activity marker - fast labelling of engram neurons (FLEN) - which is transiently active and driven by cFos, allowing the monitoring of intrinsic and synaptic properties of engram neurons shortly after the learning experience. The results convincingly demonstrate the utility of this novel viral tool for studying early changes in the properties of engram cells. FLEN will provide a beneficial tool for the neuroscience community once it is made available at a plasmid repository.

Reviewed by eLife

Efficient coding explains neural response homeostasis and stimulus-specific adaptation

1. Edward James Young
2. Yashar Ahmadian

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This work derives a valuable general theory unifying theories of efficient information transmission in the brain with population homeostasis. The general theory provides an explanation for firing rate homeostasis at the level of neural clusters with firing rate heterogeneity within clusters. Applying this theory to the primary visual cortex, the authors present solid evidence that accounts for stimulus-specific and neuron-specific adaptation. Reviewers have provided additional suggestions for improving the readability of the manuscript, as well as discussing previous results on adapting coding as well as those aspects of experimental data that are not fully explained by the present theory.

Reviewed by eLife

Type-I nNOS neurons orchestrate cortical neural activity and vasomotion

1. Kevin Turner
2. Dakota Brockway
3. Md Shakhawat Hossain
4. Keith Griffith
5. Denver Greenawalt
6. Qingguang Zhang
7. Kyle Gheres
8. Nicole Crowley
9. Patrick J Drew

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study provides solid evidence for new insights into the role of Type-1 nNOS interneurons in driving neuronal network activity and controlling vascular network dynamics in awake, head-fixed mice. The authors use an original strategy based on the ablation of Type-1 nNOS interneurons with local injection of saporin conjugated to a substance P analogue into the somatosensory cortex. They show that ablation of type I nNOS neurons has surprisingly little effect on neurovascular coupling, although it alters neural activity and vascular dynamics.

Reviewed by eLife

Complex opioid-driven modulation of glutamatergic and cholinergic neurotransmission in a GABAergic brain nucleus associated with emotion, reward, and addiction

1. Ramesh Chittajallu
2. Anna Vlachos
3. Adam P Caccavano
4. Xiaoqing Yuan
5. Steven Hunt
6. Daniel Abebe
7. Edra London
8. Kenneth A Pelkey
9. Chris J McBain

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study presents important information about the role of mu opioid receptors in neurotransmission between the medial habenula and the interpeduncular nucleus. The authors provide convincing evidence that mu opioid receptor activation has differential effects on transmission from substance P neurons and cholinergic neurons, and that blockade of potassium channels can unmask a nicotinic cholinergic synaptic response. This work will be of high interest to those studying this brain region, and potentially to the larger neuroscience community studying motivated behavior.

Reviewed by eLife

Differential destinations, dynamics, and functions of high- and low-order features in the feedback signal during object processing

1. Wenhao Hou
2. Sheng He
3. Jiedong Zhang

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study reports important findings about the nature of feedback to primary visual cortex (V1) during object recognition. The state-of-the-art functional MRI evidence for the main claims is solid, and the combination of high-resolution fMRI with MEG yields significant insight into neural mechanisms. The findings presented here are relevant to a number of scientific fields such as object recognition, categorisation and predictive coding.

Reviewed by eLife

Deep neural networks to register and annotate cells in moving and deforming nervous systems

1. Adam A Atanas
2. Alicia Kun-Yang Lu
3. Brian Goodell
4. Jungsoo Kim
5. Saba N Baskoylu
6. Di Kang
7. Talya S Kramer
8. Eric Bueno
9. Flossie K Wan
10. Karen L Cunningham
11. Brandon Weissbourd
12. Steven W Flavell

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  Whole-brain imaging of neuronal activity in freely behaving animals holds great promise for neuroscience, but numerous technical challenges limit its use. In this important study, the authors describe a new set of deep learning-based tools to track and identify the activity of head neurons in freely moving nematodes (C. elegans) and jellyfish (Clytia hemisphaerica). While the tools convincingly enable high tracking speed and accuracy in the settings in which the authors have evaluated them, the claim that these tools should be easily generalizable to a wide variety of datasets is incompletely supported.

Reviewed by eLife

Combinatorial protein barcodes enable self-correcting neuron tracing with nanoscale molecular context

1. Sung Yun Park
2. Arlo Sheridan
3. Bobae An
4. Erin Jarvis
5. Julia Lyudchik
6. William Patton
7. Jun Y. Axup
8. Stephanie W. Chan
9. Hugo G.J. Damstra
10. Daniel Leible
11. Kylie S. Leung
12. Clarence A. Magno
13. Aashir Meeran
14. Julia M. Michalska
15. Franz Rieger
16. Claire Wang
17. Michelle Wu
18. George M. Church
19. Jan Funke
20. Todd Huffman
21. Kathleen G.C. Leeper
22. Sven Truckenbrodt
23. Johan Winnubst
24. Joergen M.R. Kornfeld
25. Edward S. Boyden
26. Samuel G. Rodriques
27. Andrew C. Payne

Reviewed by Arcadia Science

Haploinsufficiency of lysosomal enzyme genes in Alzheimer’s disease

1. Bruno A. Benitez
2. Clare E. Wallace
3. Maulikkumar Patel
4. Niko-Petteri Nykanen
5. Carla M. Yuede
6. Samantha L. Eaton
7. Cyril Pottier
8. Arda Cetin
9. Matthew Johnson
10. Mia T. Bevan
11. Woodrow D. Gardiner
12. Hannah M. Edwards
13. Brookelyn M. Doherty
14. Ryan T. Harrigan
15. Dominic Kurian
16. Thomas M. Wishart
17. Colin Smith
18. John R. Cirrito
19. Mark S. Sands

Reviewed by Arcadia Science

Targeting Lysosomal Dysfunction to Alleviate Plaque Deposition in an Alzheimer Disease Model

1. Leigh Ellen Fremuth
2. Diantha van de Vlekkert
3. Huimin Hu
4. Jason Andrew Weesner
5. Ida Annunziata
6. Gouri Yogalingam
7. Alessandra d’Azzo

Reviewed by PREreview