Neuroscience

The electrogenicity of the Na ⁺ /K ⁺ -ATPase poses challenges for computation in highly active spiking cells

1. Liz Weerdmeester
2. Jan-Hendrik Schleimer
3. Susanne Schreiber

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study provides valuable insights into the lesser-known effects of the sodium-potassium pump on how nerve cells process signals, particularly in highly active cells like those of weakly electric fish. The authors use a detailed mathematical model to show how the pump can shift a cell's normal firing patterns and disrupt the coordination of signals when inputs change quickly. The computational methods used to establish the claims in this work are solid and can be used as a starting point for further studies, yet the conclusions would be strengthened with experimental evidence or testable predictions regarding some of the proposed mechanisms across different cell types.

Reviewed by eLife

Multimodal mismatch responses in mouse auditory cortex

1. Magdalena Solyga
2. Georg B Keller

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This well-designed study provides important findings concerning the way the brain encodes prediction about self-generated sensory inputs. The authors report that neurons in auditory cortex respond to mismatches in locomotion-driven auditory feedback and that those responses can be enhanced by concurrent mismatches in visual inputs. While there remain alternative explanations for some of the data, these findings provide convincing support for the role of predictive processing in cortical function by indicating that sensorimotor prediction errors in one modality influence the computation of prediction errors in another modality.

Reviewed by eLife

Mesoscale functional organization and connectivity of color, disparity, and naturalistic texture in human second visual area

1. Hailin Ai
2. Weiru Lin
3. Chengwen Liu
4. Nihong Chen
5. Peng Zhang

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study builds on previous findings showing modular organisation of primate visual cortical areas by presenting important results about the cortical processing of colour, disparity and naturalistic textures in the human visual cortex at the spatial scale of cortical layers and columns using state-of-the-art high-resolution fMRI methods at ultra-high magnetic field strength (7 T). Solid evidence supports an interesting layer-specific informational connectivity analysis to infer information flow across early visual areas for processing disparity and color signals. While the question of how the modularity of representation relates to cortical hierarchical processing is interesting, the findings that texture does not map onto previously established columnar architecture in V2 is suggestive. The successful application of high-resolution fMRI methods to study the functional organization along cortical columns and layers is relevant to a broad readership interested in general neuroscience.

Reviewed by eLife

Whole genome CRISPR screens identify a LRRK2-regulated pathway for extracellular tau uptake by human neurons

1. Lewis D. Evans
2. Alessio Strano
3. Eleanor Tuck
4. Ashley Campbell
5. James Smith
6. Christy Hung
7. Tiana S. Behr
8. Bernardino Ghetti
9. Benjamin Ryskeldi-Falcon
10. Emre Karakoc
11. Francesco Iorio
12. Alastair Reith
13. Andrew R. Bassett
14. Frederick J. Livesey

Reviewed by Review Commons

Detecting Regime Shifts: Neurocomputational Substrates for Over- and Underreactions to Change

1. Mu-Chen Wang
2. George Wu
3. Shih-Wei Wu

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study provides valuable insights into the behavioral, computational, and neural mechanisms of regime shift detection, by identifying distinct roles for the frontoparietal network and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in sensitivity to signal diagnosticity and transition probabilities, respectively. The findings are supported by solid evidence, including an innovative task design, robust behavioral modeling, and well-executed model-based fMRI analyses, though claims of neural selectivity would benefit from more rigorous statistical comparisons. Overall, this work advances our understanding of how humans adapt belief updating in dynamic environments and offers a framework for exploring biases in decision-making under uncertainty.

Reviewed by eLife

Changes in large-scale neural networks under stress are linked to affective reactivity to stress in real life

1. Rayyan Tutunji
2. Martin Krentz
3. Nikos Kogias
4. Lycia de Voogd
5. Florian Krause
6. Eliana Vassena
7. Erno J Hermans

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study examines the effects of acute social stress on brain function, focusing on dynamic shifts in large-scale networks such as the salience and default mode networks. It highlights a robust association between stress-induced changes in salience network activation and stress reactivity in daily life, although evidence linking brain function changes following acute stress to real-life stress is incomplete. The findings are significant for stress biology research and could influence future studies on stress responses.

Reviewed by eLife

Cortical tracking of hierarchical rhythms orchestrates the multisensory processing of biological motion

1. Li Shen
2. Shuo Li
3. Yuhao Tian
4. Ying Wang
5. Yi Jiang

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  Wang et al. presented visual (dot) motion and/or the sound of a walking person and found solid evidence that EEG activity tracks the step rhythm, as well as the gait (2-step cycle) rhythm, with some demonstration that the gait rhythm is tracked superadditively (power for A+V condition is higher than the sum of the A-only and V-only condition). The valuable findings will be of wide interest to those examining biological motion perception and oscillatory processes more broadly.

Reviewed by eLife

Sleep need driven oscillation of glutamate synaptic phenotype

1. Kaspar E Vogt
2. Ashwinikumar Kulkarni
3. Richa Pandey
4. Mantre Dehnad
5. Genevieve Konopka
6. Robert W Greene

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study showing that sleep deprivation increases functional synapses while depleting silent synapses supports previous findings that excitatory signaling increases during wakefulness. This manuscript focuses in particular on AMPA/NMDA ratios. An interesting, although speculative, aspect of the manuscript is the inclusion of a model for the accumulation of sleep needs that is based upon the MEF2C transcription factor but also links to the sleep-regulating SIK3-HDAC4/5 pathway. The authors have clarified some questions raised in the previous review, rendering this a solid piece of work that poses questions for future studies.

Reviewed by eLife

Dual-color optical activation and suppression of neurons with high temporal precision

1. Noëmie Mermet-Joret
2. Andrea Moreno
3. Agnieszka Zbela
4. Milad Nazari
5. Bárður Eyjólfsson Ellendersen
6. Raquel Comaposada Baro
7. Nathalie Krauth
8. Anne von Philipsborn
9. Andreas Toft Sørensen
10. Joaquin Piriz
11. John Yu-luen Lin
12. Sadegh Nabavi

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study develops useful tools for distinct optogenetic control of neuronal activity by red or blue light. The basic characterization of the activation of a red-shifted channelrhodopsin paired with a blue-light sensitive anion channel engineered to obtain desired inhibitory current kinetics is solid. However, evidence for their practical use under simultaneous multi-color or high frequency stimulation in cells are missing.

Reviewed by eLife

Cortico-striatal action control inherent of opponent cognitive-motivational styles

1. Cassandra Avila
2. Martin Sarter

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This valuable manuscript investigated the role of glutamate signaling in the dorsomedial striatum of rats in a treadmill-based task and reported that it differs in goal-trackers compared to sign-trackers in a way that corresponds to differences in behaviour. The evidence supporting these claims is solid but could be further strengthened by adding more analyses and more detailed descriptions of current analyses. These findings will primarily be of interest to behavioural neuroscientists.

Reviewed by eLife