Neuroscience

Human Assembloid Model of Emergent Neurotropic Enteroviruses

1. Christine E. Peters
2. Jimena Andersen
3. Min-Yin Li
4. Lauren Varanese
5. Mayuri Vijay Thete
6. Se-Jin Yoon
7. Taylor Pio
8. Nicholas Thom
9. Xiaoyu Chen
10. Wenjie Qiao
11. Jan E. Carette
12. Sergiu P. Paşca

Reviewed by preLights

A behavioral architecture for realistic simulations of Drosophila larva locomotion and foraging

1. Panagiotis Parthenios Sakagiannis
2. Anna-Maria Jürgensen
3. Martin Paul Nawrot

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This valuable study presents a hierarchical computational model that integrates locomotion, navigation, and learning in Drosophila larvae. The evidence supporting the model is convincing, as it qualitatively replicates empirical behavioral data. While some simplifications in neuromechanical representation and sensory-motor integration are limiting factors, the reported modular framework will be of interest for computational modeling of biological movement and adaptive behavior.

Reviewed by eLife

Adrenomedullin restores the human cortical interneurons migration defects induced by hypoxia

1. Alyssa Puno
2. Wojciech P Michno
3. Li Li
4. Amanda Everitt
5. Kate McCluskey
6. Saw Htun
7. Dhriti Nagar
8. Jong Bin Choi
9. Yuqin Dai
10. Seyeon Park
11. Emily Gurwitz
12. Jeremy A Willsey
13. Fikri Birey
14. Anca M Pasca

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The authors combined human assembloids, fetal brain tissue, bulk and single cell RNA sequencing, and live imaging to understand the molecular mechanisms affected by hypoxia during cortical development. The findings are very important to the neurodevelopmental field, They reveal new insights into how migration of cortical interneurons can be affected in hypoxic conditions, and provide exciting models to probe broad neurodevelopmental processes in health and disease. The evidence is compelling. The data and analyses are very rigorous and go beyond the state-of-the-art.

Reviewed by eLife

Hierarchical cortical plasticity in congenital sight impairment

1. Roni O Maimon-Mor
2. Mahtab Farahbakhsh
3. Nicholas Hedger
4. Andrew T Rider
5. Elaine J Anderson
6. Geraint Rees
7. Tomas Knapen
8. Michel Michaelides
9. Tessa M Dekker

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This important study examines the stability and compensatory plasticity in the retinotopic mapping in patients with congenital achromatopsia. It provides convincing evidence for a stable mapping of the visual field in V1, alongside changes of the readout from V1 into V3, which shows revised receptive field location and size. This paper would be of interest to scientists studying the visual system, brain plasticity, and development.

Reviewed by eLife

Pathogenic O-GlcNAc dyshomeostasis is associated with cortical malformations and hyperactivity

1. Florence Authier
2. Asad Jan
3. Islam Faress
4. Christian Stald Skoven
5. Iria Esperon-Abril
6. Shagana Tharmakulasingam Balasubramaniam
7. Kévin-Sébastien Coquelin
8. Jens R Nyengaard
9. Carsten Scavenius
10. Benedetta Attianese
11. Oscar G Sevillano-Quispe
12. Simon Fristed Eskildsen
13. Jesper Skovhus Thomsen
14. Brian Hansen
15. Daan MF van Aalten

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This is an important study that takes a key step towards understanding developmental disorders linked to mutations in the O-GlcNAc transferase enzyme by generating a mouse model harboring the C921Y mutation. While the mechanisms remain open, the study thoroughly examines behavioral and anatomical differences in these mice and provides convincing evidence for behavioral hyperactivity and learning/memory deficits, as well as phenotypic differences in skull and brain formation. This study will be of interest to those studying neurodevelopmental disorders and associated mechanisms.

Reviewed by eLife

AFD thermosensory neurons mediate tactile-dependent locomotion modulation in C. elegans

1. Manuel Rosero
2. Jihong Bai

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  The manuscript presents important findings on how C. elegans can utilize distinct molecular mechanisms and circuit engagements to regulate tactile-dependent locomotory behaviours through the AFD thermosensory neuron. The authors use multiple techniques including microfluidics, genetic manipulations and single-copy rescue experiments, to provide compelling evidence for the role of AFD/AIB electrical synaptic connections in this behaviour. The reviewers are satisfied with the comprehensive revisions made by the authors.

Reviewed by eLife

Dynamic brain states during encoding and their post-encoding reinstatement predict episodic memory in children

1. Yimeng Zeng
2. Sandhya P. Chakravartti
3. Srikanth Ryali
4. Lei Li
5. Shaozheng Qin
6. Vinod Menon

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study uses a Bayesian framework to characterize latent brain state dynamics associated with memory encoding and performance in children, as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging. The novelty of the approach offers valuable insights into memory-related brain activity, but the consideration of developmental changes in memory and brain dynamics, and the evidence to support the proposed mapping between specific states and distinct aspects of memory, are incomplete. This work will be of interest to researchers interested in cognitive neuroscience and the development of memory.

Reviewed by eLife

Sibling chimerism among microglia in marmosets

1. Ricardo CH del Rosario
2. Fenna M Krienen
3. Qiangge Zhang
4. Melissa Goldman
5. Curtis Mello
6. Alyssa Lutservitz
7. Kiku Ichihara
8. Alec Wysoker
9. James Nemesh
10. Guoping Feng
11. Steven A McCarroll

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This fundamental study substantially advances our understanding of sibling chimerism in marmosets by demonstrating that chimerism is limited to hematopoietic cells. The evidence supporting these findings is compelling, demonstrated through comprehensive analyses, including single-cell RNA-seq data from multiple individuals and tissues. A few minor concerns were successfully addressed in a revision. The work will be of broad interest to many fields of biology.

Reviewed by eLife

A stress-activated neuronal ensemble in the supramammillary nucleus produces anxiety-like behavior in male mice

1. Jinming Zhang
2. Kexin Yu
3. Junmin Zhang
4. Yuan Chang
5. Xiao Sun
6. Zhaoqiang Qian
7. Zongpeng Sun
8. Yanning Qiao
9. Zhiqiang Liu
10. Wei Ren
11. Jing Han

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This manuscript provides a valuable contribution by identifying a stress-responsive circuit and its regulation of anxiety-related behaviors. The evidence is convincing that the supramammillary nucleus contains stress-responsive neurons that increase anxiety-like behaviors when activated, and that ventral subiculum projections to the supramammillary are also activated by stress and their inhibition alleviates some effects of stress. Evidence that this pathway encodes and is functionally specific to anxiety is, at present, not sufficiently support and will require future studies. This work offers new insights into how distinct circuits are activated by stress and can regulate emotional behaviors and will be of interest to those interested in brain systems of aversive emotional and behavioral states.

Reviewed by eLife

Early Sleep-Dependent Sensory Gating in the Olfactory System

1. Diego Serantes
2. Diego Gallo
3. Anttonella García
4. Joaquín González
5. Mateo Mendoza
6. Patricia Lagos
7. Pablo Torterolo
8. Matías Cavelli

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study presents a well-executed investigation into how the olfactory system disconnects from the environment during sleep and anesthesia, identifying a potential gating mechanism at the earliest synaptic stages of the olfactory bulb. The findings are important, as they challenge current theories by demonstrating that sensory gating occurs in non-thalamic pathways even under controlled airflow conditions. The strength of evidence is solid, supported by rigorous multimodal recordings, although the reliance on anesthetic models to draw conclusions about natural sleep is a limitation that requires further contextualization.

Reviewed by eLife