Neuroscience

Butyrate rescues chlorpyrifos-induced social deficits through inhibition of class I histone deacetylases

1. Leonardo Diaz
2. Ally Xinyi Kong
3. Ping Zhang
4. Jinhua Chi
5. Khoa Pham
6. Maja Johnson
7. Aiden Eno
8. Isabelle Douglas
9. Yuxuan Mao
10. James W MacDonald
11. Julia Yue Cui
12. Theo Bammler
13. Haiwei Gu
14. Yijie Geng

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This valuable manuscript demonstrates that embryonic exposure to the pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) impairs juvenile zebrafish social behavior and sets out to define the underlying mechanism. The authors provide solid evidence that butyrate and class I histone deacetylases are involved, as their modulation rescues the phenotype. However, claims that CPF acts through the microbiome and nitric oxide signaling remain correlative and incomplete. Additional validation would strengthen the intriguing hypotheses raised by this work.

Reviewed by eLife

Chemogenetic Manipulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus-Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Pathway Promotes Recovery in HemiParkinsonian Rat Models

1. Nassim Stegamat
2. Rupert Smit
3. Jacquelynn Rajavong
4. Thomas Campion
5. Sraavya Pinjala
6. George Smith

Reviewed by PREreview

Anesthesia Lowers Spatial Frequency Preference in the Primary Visual Cortex

1. Jiahao Wu
2. Taisuke Yoneda
3. Kallum Robinson
4. Naotsugu Tsuchiya
5. Yumiko Yoshimura

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This paper describes useful findings on the effects of isoflurane anesthesia on the visual cortical circuitry of the mouse. It provides solid evidence that the visual spatial frequency sensitivity becomes coarser (lower resolution) during anesthesia, with distinct effects described in excitatory neurons, and parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SOM) positive interneurons. This study should be of interest to neuroscientists studying the mouse visual cortex and the effects of anesthesia on cortical circuitry.

Reviewed by eLife

Comprehensive Neural Representations of Naturalistic Stimuli through Multimodal Deep Learning

1. Mingxue Fu
2. Guoqiu Chen
3. Yijie Zhang
4. Mingzhe Zhang
5. Yin Wang

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  This study presents a valuable application of a video-text alignment deep neural network model to improve neural encoding of naturalistic stimuli in fMRI. The authors provide convincing evidence that models based on multimodal and dynamic embedding features of audiovisual movies predicted brain responses better than models based on unimodal or static features. The work will be of interest to researchers in cognitive neuroscience and AI-based brain modeling.

Reviewed by eLife

Environmental dynamics shape human learning: change points versus random walks

1. Cedric Foucault
2. Lilian A Weber
3. Laurence Hunt

• Curated by eLife

  eLife Assessment

  Foucault and colleagues examine how human adaptive learning depends on the structure of the learning task. The authors provide useful findings clarifying the differences in how people learn in environments that are continuously versus discontinuously changing. While they provide solid evidence for most conclusions, support for some of the claims is incomplete in the current form.

Reviewed by eLife