Neuroscience

Wnt signaling mediates acquisition of blood–brain barrier properties in naïve endothelium derived from human pluripotent stem cells

1. Benjamin D Gastfriend
2. Hideaki Nishihara
3. Scott G Canfield
4. Koji L Foreman
5. Britta Engelhardt
6. Sean P Palecek
7. Eric V Shusta

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  The manuscript by Gastfriend et al. establishes a novel protocol for the differentiation of blood-brain barrier endothelial cells by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human pluripotent stem cells at a critical stage of naïve endothelial progenitors. The characterization of naïve endothelial progenitors and the novel model has potential impact on basic research approaches as well as on the use of in vitro models in drug development and pharmacology. The strength of the study is the comprehensive analysis of the differentiated blood-brain barrier endothelial cells, whereas weaknesses are present in some experimental setups and data conclusion, requiring additional experimental support.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Urgency forces stimulus-driven action by overcoming cognitive control

1. Christian H Poth

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  It has been shown previously that saccades are obligatorily directed to visual stimuli if they are generated under time pressure, indicating that cognitive control is reduced briefly after a stimulus onset. The present study demonstrates this temporary impairment in cognitive control is present for manual responses, can occur when the conflict arises from non-spatial features of stimuli, and therefore is more general than previously thought. The data conclusively support the conclusions of the paper.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #2 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

The OpenNeuro resource for sharing of neuroscience data

1. Christopher J Markiewicz
2. Krzysztof J Gorgolewski
3. Franklin Feingold
4. Ross Blair
5. Yaroslav O Halchenko
6. Eric Miller
7. Nell Hardcastle
8. Joe Wexler
9. Oscar Esteban
10. Mathias Goncavles
11. Anita Jwa
12. Russell Poldrack

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This manuscript describes the OpenNeuro data sharing platform, which is built upon the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS). More than 500 data sets are stored in BIDS, following the FAIR principles, and integrated with data analysis tools. This is a highly important resource for the neuroimaging community, and the shared data sets have already been used in basic neuroscience and for methods development.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1, Reviewer #2 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Effects of arousal and movement on secondary somatosensory and visual thalamus

1. Gordon H Petty
2. Amanda K Kinnischtzke
3. Y Kate Hong
4. Randy M Bruno

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  The authors show that secondary thalamic region POm provides information on slow as opposed to rapid changes in whisker angular position; these appear to be secondary to changes in the animal's behavioral state. The authors find similar state dependent activity in LP, a higher level visual thalamic nucleus. This is a timely study in that many labs have observed state-dependent activity throughout the cortex and thalamus, but the mechanisms of this activity are incompletely understood. This study brings us closer to revealing the source of this signal by ruling out some of the likely candidates, such as reafferent signals and cortical feedback.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Specialized neurons in the right habenula mediate response to aversive olfactory cues

1. Jung-Hwa Choi
2. Erik R Duboue
3. Michelle Macurak
4. Jean-Michel Chanchu
5. Marnie E Halpern

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  The three reviewers have appreciated the novelty and originality of the study, but note that improved visualization, quantifications and statistical analyses will be necessary to fully support the conclusions of the manuscript. Without performing these quantifications and statistical tests for all figures as detailed below, the magnitude and significance of reported effects are not clear, nor do they take into account the variability of the measures and the dependence of some of the measures.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their names with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

An Algorithmic Barrier to Neural Circuit Understanding

1. Venkatakrishnan Ramaswamy

Reviewed by eLife

Non-invasive diagnostic method to objectively measure olfaction and diagnose smell disorders by molecularly targeted fluorescent imaging agent

1. Dauren Adilbay
2. Junior Gonzales
3. Marianna Zazhytska
4. Paula Demetrio de Souza Franca
5. Sheryl Roberts
6. Tara Viray
7. Raik Artschwager
8. Snehal Patel
9. Albana Kodra
10. Jonathan B. Overdevest
11. Chun Yuen Chow
12. Glenn F. King
13. Sanjay K. Jain
14. Alvaro A. Ordonez
15. Laurence S. Carroll
16. Thomas Reiner
17. Nagavarakishore Pillarsetty

Reviewed by ScreenIT

Dopamine enhances model-free credit assignment through boosting of retrospective model-based inference

1. Lorenz Deserno
2. Rani Moran
3. Jochen Michely
4. Ying Lee
5. Peter Dayan
6. Raymond J Dolan

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper provides behavioral and modeling evidence for the hypothesis that dopamine is involved in the interaction between distinct model-based and model-free control systems. The issue addressed is timely and clinically relevant, and will be of interest to a broad audience interested in dopamine, learning, choice and planning.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Judgments of agency are affected by sensory noise without recruiting metacognitive processing

1. Marika Constant
2. Roy Salomon
3. Elisa Filevich

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This is a well-designed and well-executed study on the computational mechanisms underlying judgements of agency in an action-outcome delay task. The authors report that unlike judgments of confidence, judgments of agency do not recruit metacognitive processes. This difference between agency and confidence could be an important insight, but more needs to be done to address conceptual issues associated with the definition of metacognition, and the specific features of the task and modeling approach used to obtain and interpret the findings.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Task-related hemodynamic responses in human early visual cortex are modulated by task difficulty and behavioral performance

1. Charlie S Burlingham
2. Minyoung Ryoo
3. Zvi N Roth
4. Saghar Mirbagheri
5. David J Heeger
6. Elisha P Merriam

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This work will be of general interest to those using hemodynamic imaging, such as fMRI, to study the brain. A hemodynamic signature that is modulated by arousal level changes on a trial-to-trial basis, such as those evoked by a difficult task, would both provide insight into arousal influences on cortical activity and characterize a prominent signal in hemodynamic data that is rarely considered. Overall, the data and analyses provide support for this idea, but would benefit from additional analysis, controls, and a better framework for integrating this work with the existing literature and mechanistic understanding of arousal, neural activity, and behavior.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife