Neuroscience

SARS-CoV-2 drives NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human microglia through spike-ACE2 receptor interaction

1. Eduardo Albornoz
2. Alberto A Amarilla
3. Naphak Modhiran
4. Sandra Parker
5. Xaria X. Li
6. Danushka K. Wijesundara
7. Adriana Pliego Zamora
8. Christopher LD McMillan
9. Benjamin Liang
10. Nias Y.G. Peng
11. Julian D.J. Sng
12. Fatema Tuj Saima
13. Devina Paramitha
14. Rhys Parry
15. Michael S. Avumegah
16. Ariel Isaacs
17. Martin Lo
18. Zaray Miranda-Chacon
19. Daniella Bradshaw
20. Constanza Salinas-Rebolledo
21. Niwanthi W. Rajapakse
22. Trent Munro
23. Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez
24. Paul R. Young
25. Katryn J Stacey
26. Alexander A. Khromykh
27. Keith J. Chappell
28. Daniel Watterson
29. Trent M. Woodruff

Reviewed by ScreenIT

A persistent behavioral state enables sustained predation of humans by mosquitoes

1. Trevor R Sorrells
2. Anjali Pandey
3. Adriana Rosas-Villegas
4. Leslie B Vosshall

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This manuscript describes a female mosquito's behavior after a brief exposure to CO2, which has long been known to trigger host-seeking behaviour in female mosquitoes. The authors develop optogenetic tools in Aedes aegypti that enable the controlled delivery of 'fictive' CO2 to them. They show that a brief pulse of fictive CO2 alters the behavioral state of female mosquitoes, which lasts about 15 minutes. It provides new insights into how activation of CO2-sensing olfactory neurons alters the behavioral state of a mosquito towards sensory cues to increase host-seeking behaviors. The study will be of great value to the vector biology community, as well as to neurobiologists in general.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife, preLights

Auditory mismatch responses are differentially sensitive to changes in muscarinic acetylcholine versus dopamine receptor function

1. Lilian Aline Weber
2. Sara Tomiello
3. Dario Schöbi
4. Katharina V Wellstein
5. Daniel Mueller
6. Sandra Iglesias
7. Klaas Enno Stephan

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This study adds to the considerable, but often conflicting, work on how neurotransmitter systems contribute to auditory processing dysfunction. The paper details a thorough and careful analysis of an important hypothesis from the point of view of schizophrenia research: do muscarinic and dopaminergic receptors contribute to mismatch negativity effects? The answers could be useful for future treatment allocation in psychosis. The analysis was pre-registered and departures from the planned analysis were well-motivated and clearly described.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Mild respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause multi-lineage cellular dysregulation and myelin loss in the brain

1. Anthony Fernández-Castañeda
2. Peiwen Lu
3. Anna C. Geraghty
4. Eric Song
5. Myoung-Hwa Lee
6. Jamie Wood
7. Belgin Yalçın
8. Kathryn R. Taylor
9. Selena Dutton
10. Lehi Acosta-Alvarez
11. Lijun Ni
12. Daniel Contreras-Esquivel
13. Jeff R. Gehlhausen
14. Jon Klein
15. Carolina Lucas
16. Tianyang Mao
17. Julio Silva
18. Mario A. Peña-Hernández
19. Alexandra Tabachnikova
20. Takehiro Takahashi
21. Laura Tabacof
22. Jenna Tosto-Mancuso
23. Erica Breyman
24. Amy Kontorovich
25. Dayna McCarthy
26. Martha Quezado
27. Marco Hefti
28. Daniel Perl
29. Rebecca Folkerth
30. David Putrino
31. Avi Nath
32. Akiko Iwasaki
33. Michelle Monje

Reviewed by ScreenIT

Suppressed prefrontal neuronal firing variability and impaired social representation in IRSp53-mutant mice

1. Woohyun Kim
2. Jae Jin Shin
3. Yu Jin Jeong
4. Kyungdeok Kim
5. Jung Won Bae
6. Young Woo Noh
7. Seungjoon Lee
8. Woochul Choi
9. Se-Bum Paik
10. Min Whan Jung
11. Eunee Lee
12. Eunjoon Kim

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper is of interest for neuroscientists studying neocortical neural activity related to social behavior, with a connection to mouse models of neuropsychiatric disorders. The work provides new data on how loss-of-function of postsynaptic scaffolding and adaptor protein IRSp53 (encoded by the BAIAP2 gene) impacts prefrontal cortex activity and social interaction in mice. Overall, the experiments are properly controlled, although further analysis and interpretations are needed.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Implications of variable synaptic weights for rate and temporal coding of cerebellar outputs

1. Shuting Wu
2. Asem Wardak
3. Mehak M Khan
4. Christopher H Chen
5. Wade G Regehr

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This useful study emphasizes some previously ignored aspects of synaptic communication between Purkinje neurons and their targets in the cerebellar nuclei. Reviewers felt that some aspects of the evidence were solid but that others were incomplete.

Reviewed by eLife

Impaired astrocytic Ca2+ signaling in awake-behaving Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mice

1. Knut Sindre Åbjørsbråten
2. Gry HE Syverstad Skaaraas
3. Céline Cunen
4. Daniel M Bjørnstad
5. Kristin M Gullestad Binder
6. Laura Bojarskaite
7. Vidar Jensen
8. Lars NG Nilsson
9. Shreyas B Rao
10. Wannan Tang
11. Gudmund Horn Hermansen
12. Erlend A Nagelhus
13. Ole Petter Ottersen
14. Reidun Torp
15. Rune Enger

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This manuscript is of broad interest to readers in the astrocyte and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) fields, and it utilizes state-of-the-art techniques to simultaneously record astrocyte calcium and animal behaviour. The work provides new insight into astrocyte calcium responses in AD, which has important implications for astrocyte pathophysiology. Overall, the data are of high quality and well analyzed.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Different brain systems support learning from received and avoided pain during human pain-avoidance learning

1. Marieke Jepma
2. Mathieu Roy
3. Kiran Ramlakhan
4. Monique van Velzen
5. Albert Dahan

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This manuscript is of particular interest to readers in the field of pain research. The identification of separate brain systems associated with learning from unexpected pain and learning from unexpected pain relief contributes to understanding of pain avoidance learning. The combination of behavioral data, neuroimaging and computational modeling provide support for many of the central claims of the paper, however weaknesses in the experimental design limit the support for the claims based on the results of the pharmacological manipulation.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Frequency- and spike-timing-dependent mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling regulates the metabolic rate and synaptic efficacy in cortical neurons

1. Ohad Stoler
2. Alexandra Stavsky
3. Yana Khrapunsky
4. Israel Melamed
5. Grace Stutzmann
6. Daniel Gitler
7. Israel Sekler
8. Ilya Fleidervish

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This work describes how mitochondrial calcium in different regions of pyramidal neurons is controlled by action potentials and synaptic input. The authors show that calcium is controlled in a highly non-linear manner by calcium entry into cells (through voltage-dependent calcium channels) during sequences of action potentials. A particularly interesting finding is the high degree of localization of calcium rises in individual mitochondria in dendrites, and the requirement for both synaptic input and back-propagating action potentials to produce prominent rises of calcium in dendritic mitochondria. The work provides fundamental new information about how calcium entry during action potentials and synaptic input controls mitochondrial function.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Repressing PTBP1 fails to convert reactive astrocytes to dopaminergic neurons in a 6-hydroxydopamine mouse model of Parkinson’s disease

1. Weizhao Chen
2. Qiongping Zheng
3. Qiaoying Huang
4. Shanshan Ma
5. Mingtao Li

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This new work from Chen et al. reports on a critical question that is whether astrocytes can be converted in situ into dopaminergic neurons in response to the targeting of specific factors using, for example, gene therapy. This is a very strong, elegant and straightforward study. It is of broad interest and of high translational relevance.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife