Neuroscience

An arrayed genome‐wide perturbation screen identifies the ribonucleoprotein Hnrnpk as rate‐limiting for prion propagation

1. Merve Avar
2. Daniel Heinzer
3. Alana M Thackray
4. Yingjun Liu
5. Marian Hruska‐Plochan
6. Stefano Sellitto
7. Elke Schaper
8. Daniel P Pease
9. Jiang‐An Yin
10. Asvin KK Lakkaraju
11. Marc Emmenegger
12. Marco Losa
13. Andra Chincisan
14. Simone Hornemann
15. Magdalini Polymenidou
16. Raymond Bujdoso
17. Adriano Aguzzi

Reviewed by Review Commons

Constitutively active STING causes neuroinflammation and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in mice

1. Eva M Szego
2. Laura Malz
3. Nadine Bernhardt
4. Angela Rösen-Wolff
5. Björn H Falkenburger
6. Hella Luksch

Reviewed by Review Commons

Male rodent perirhinal cortex, but not ventral hippocampus, inhibition induces approach bias under object-based approach-avoidance conflict

1. Sandeep S Dhawan
2. Carl Pinter
3. Andy CH Lee
4. Rutsuko Ito

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  In this interesting study the authors combined innovative object-based conflict assays with optogenetic silencing to probe the role of the perirhinal cortex in motivational conflict. The manuscript is well-written and the approach was adequate. The findings provide new insight into how conflicting motivation is processed and would benefit from additional analysis and experimental investigation to more conclusively support the interpretations.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Hippocampal place cell remapping occurs with memory storage of aversive experiences

1. Garrett J Blair
2. Changliang Guo
3. Shiyun Wang
4. Michael S Fanselow
5. Peyman Golshani
6. Daniel Aharoni
7. Hugh T Blair

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper describes results obtained from multi-cellular imaging of CA1 cells using large-field-of-view miniscopes in rats performing a shock avoidance task. By exploiting behavioral (barriers) and pharmacological (scopolamine) manipulations the authors explore cell remapping dynamics during aversive learning. This work will be of interest to the neuroscience community by setting new methodological standards and providing data for across-species comparisons.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer 3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

A novel rhesus macaque model of Huntington’s disease recapitulates key neuropathological changes along with motor and cognitive decline

1. Alison R Weiss
2. William A Liguore
3. Kristin Brandon
4. Xiaojie Wang
5. Zheng Liu
6. Jacqueline S Domire
7. Dana Button
8. Sathya Srinivasan
9. Christopher D Kroenke
10. Jodi L McBride

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  The authors show the utility of an AAV-based approach in non-human primates to develop an improved model of Huntington's disease. They have presented a very thorough, carefully executed, body of work that will be of benefit to a range of researchers studying HD or developing therapies for HD. While this extends the work from an earlier paper (that presented the tools used to induce phenotypes) the results presented are new, relevant, and important to the community.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Time encoding migrates from prefrontal cortex to dorsal striatum during learning of a self-timed response duration task

1. Gabriela C Tunes
2. Eliezyer Fermino de Oliveira
3. Estevão UP Vieira
4. Marcelo S Caetano
5. André M Cravo
6. Marcelo Bussotti Reyes

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary

  This study investigates the question of whether distinct brain areas differentially encode time during the learning of a simple motor timing task. The key novel result is that early in training the dynamics of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) provides the best code for time, but later in training, the basal ganglia and in particular, the striatum provides a better code. In addition, the study shows that inactivation of mPFC produces a delayed learning effect, while inactivation of the striatum after learning led to impaired performance. The observation that temporal coding and the necessity of brain area for task performance transfers from medial prefrontal cortex to the striatum during learning is an intriguing observation for our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying temporal processing in sensorimotor control.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Postsynaptic burst reactivation of hippocampal neurons enables associative plasticity of temporally discontiguous inputs

1. Tanja Fuchsberger
2. Claudia Clopath
3. Przemyslaw Jarzebowski
4. Zuzanna Brzosko
5. Hongbing Wang
6. Ole Paulsen

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This manuscript, contains fundamental findings that substantially advance understanding of an important research question, mostly uses appropriate and validated methodology in line with the current state-of-the-art, with good support for the claims, and the message of the manuscript will have a profound and lasting influence on neuroscience. In essence, the manuscript reports that dopamine converts spike-timing-dependent synaptic depression into potentiation that requires cAMP/PKA second messenger cascade and protein synthesis. The mechanism enables a separate synaptic input to induce heterosynaptic potentiation in previously primed synapses, which is shown in a network model to have desirable computational properties. The significance of the findings is threefold: First, it is the longest-lasting synaptic eligibility trace identified so far; second, the mechanism enables memory linking between temporally separate events; and third, it indicates a novel function of postsynaptic reactivation events. In addition, the finding may inspire new reinforcement learning algorithms in machine learning.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Distance estimation from monocular cues in an ethological visuomotor task

1. Philip RL Parker
2. Elliott TT Abe
3. Natalie T Beatie
4. Emmalyn SP Leonard
5. Dylan M Martins
6. Shelby L Sharp
7. David G Wyrick
8. Luca Mazzucato
9. Cristopher M Niell

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper establishes a visually mediated gap-jumping behavioral task in freely moving mice, and shows that mice can perform the task using only monocular cues with little performance deficit, perhaps at the cost of additional active sensing movements before executing the jumping maneuver. Further, using acute optogenetic inhibition, the authors establish that the primary visual cortex is used to perform this task. Using vision to judge distance - such as the width of a gap to be crossed - is crucial for survival across taxa, and this new paradigm could be informative to those interested in using mice to study such vision-based estimation under naturalistic conditions.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Recalibrating vision-for-action requires years after sight restoration from congenital cataracts

1. Irene Senna
2. Sophia Piller
3. Itay Ben-Zion
4. Marc O Ernst

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper will be of interest to researchers in the fields of motor control, visual perception, learning and brain plasticity, sight loss and rehabilitation. The paper shows the contributions of sensory-motor experience to the development of visuo-motor recalibration abilities using careful experimental methods and analyses, comparing a rare population of late-operated cataract patients with control groups.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Satellite glia modulate sympathetic neuron survival, activity, and autonomic function

1. Aurelia A Mapps
2. Erica Boehm
3. Corinne Beier
4. William T Keenan
5. Jennifer Langel
6. Michael Liu
7. Michael B Thomsen
8. Samer Hattar
9. Haiqing Zhao
10. Emmanouil Tampakakis
11. Rejji Kuruvilla

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  The role of satellite glial cells in the sympathetic nervous system has not been extensively investigated. Using targeted ablation of SGCs, the authors demonstrate that satellite glia has a profound effect on neuronal activity and the survival of sympathetic neurons. The peripheral sympathetic system is responsible for a wide spectrum of activities, including blood flow, heart rate, respiration, and digestion.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife