Neuroscience

Dynamic organization of cerebellar climbing fiber response and synchrony in multiple functional components reduces dimensions for reinforcement learning

1. Huu Hoang
2. Shinichiro Tsutsumi
3. Masanori Matsuzaki
4. Masanobu Kano
5. Mitsuo Kawato
6. Kazuo Kitamura
7. Keisuke Toyama

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This is an important study of the dimensionality and synchrony of calcium responses in Purkinje cells measured across a large region of the cerebellar cortex over the course of learning. This work has the potential to inform our understanding of the functional organization of the cerebellum and longstanding hypotheses about the role of cerebellar climbing fibers in the induction of learning and in the timing of movement, but the evidence provided for the many sweeping claims is incomplete. The paper would benefit from additional statistical analyses to more rigorously evaluate the central claims, with consideration of appropriate comparison groups and potential confounds.

Reviewed by eLife

Efficient value synthesis in the orbitofrontal cortex explains how loss aversion adapts to the ranges of gain and loss prospects

1. Jules Brochard
2. Jean Daunizeau

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This work has potential value for researchers in several areas of cognitive and systems neuroscience. Range adaptation is a widespread property in neuronal circuits, and a network mechanism that relates neuronal adaptation to behavioral outputs is a valuable addition to the literature. However, limitations in the current framing and analyses leave some uncertainty about the interpretation of the results and their broader applicability.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Presynaptic Rac1 controls synaptic strength through the regulation of synaptic vesicle priming

1. Christian Keine
2. Mohammed Al-Yaari
3. Tamara Radulovic
4. Connon I Thomas
5. Paula Valino Ramos
6. Debbie Guerrero-Given
7. Mrinalini Ranjan
8. Holger Taschenberger
9. Naomi Kamasawa
10. Samuel M Young

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Keine et al study the role of the RhoGTPase Rac1 in neurotransmitter release by ablating this protein at an age when synapses are in an almost mature stage. They describe an increase in synaptic strength, which they interpret as an increase in release probability or fusogenicity of synaptic vesicles. They also describe subtle effects in the timing of release, which point towards a mild defect in positional priming. The study delivers important information on the role of Rac1.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Oxytocin signaling in the posterior hypothalamus prevents hyperphagic obesity in mice

1. Kengo Inada
2. Kazoku Tsujimoto
3. Masahide Yoshida
4. Katsuhiko Nishimori
5. Kazunari Miyamichi

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  The current study examined in detail the role of oxytocin neurons in the hypothalamus in regulating food intake. The current study extends our understanding of the role of this peptide in regulating complex behaviors.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Cellular composition and circuit organization of the locus coeruleus of adult mice

1. Andrew McKinney
2. Ming Hu
3. Amber Hoskins
4. Arian Mohammadyar
5. Nabeeha Naeem
6. Junzhan Jing
7. Saumil S Patel
8. Bhavin R Sheth
9. Xiaolong Jiang

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  Recent studies of the brainstem locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenaline system have demonstrated a partially modular organization in which specific classes of neurons can serve distinct functions or exhibit module-specific co-activity. However, how noradrenaline cell classes function in a modular way is not clear. The authors have accomplished a technical feat by recording up to eight LC neurons at once using ex-vivo, multi-patch recordings. In doing so, two empirically-derived classes of LC neurons were identified and the analysis of electrical coupling between these neurons established some principles of local circuit communication occurring preferentially within the defined cell classes.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

An arrayed genome‐wide perturbation screen identifies the ribonucleoprotein Hnrnpk as rate‐limiting for prion propagation

1. Merve Avar
2. Daniel Heinzer
3. Alana M Thackray
4. Yingjun Liu
5. Marian Hruska‐Plochan
6. Stefano Sellitto
7. Elke Schaper
8. Daniel P Pease
9. Jiang‐An Yin
10. Asvin KK Lakkaraju
11. Marc Emmenegger
12. Marco Losa
13. Andra Chincisan
14. Simone Hornemann
15. Magdalini Polymenidou
16. Raymond Bujdoso
17. Adriano Aguzzi

Reviewed by Review Commons

Constitutively active STING causes neuroinflammation and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in mice

1. Eva M Szego
2. Laura Malz
3. Nadine Bernhardt
4. Angela Rösen-Wolff
5. Björn H Falkenburger
6. Hella Luksch

Reviewed by Review Commons

Male rodent perirhinal cortex, but not ventral hippocampus, inhibition induces approach bias under object-based approach-avoidance conflict

1. Sandeep S Dhawan
2. Carl Pinter
3. Andy CH Lee
4. Rutsuko Ito

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  In this interesting study the authors combined innovative object-based conflict assays with optogenetic silencing to probe the role of the perirhinal cortex in motivational conflict. The manuscript is well-written and the approach was adequate. The findings provide new insight into how conflicting motivation is processed and would benefit from additional analysis and experimental investigation to more conclusively support the interpretations.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #2 and Reviewer #3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

Hippocampal place cell remapping occurs with memory storage of aversive experiences

1. Garrett J Blair
2. Changliang Guo
3. Shiyun Wang
4. Michael S Fanselow
5. Peyman Golshani
6. Daniel Aharoni
7. Hugh T Blair

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  This paper describes results obtained from multi-cellular imaging of CA1 cells using large-field-of-view miniscopes in rats performing a shock avoidance task. By exploiting behavioral (barriers) and pharmacological (scopolamine) manipulations the authors explore cell remapping dynamics during aversive learning. This work will be of interest to the neuroscience community by setting new methodological standards and providing data for across-species comparisons.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. Reviewer #1 and Reviewer 3 agreed to share their name with the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife

A novel rhesus macaque model of Huntington’s disease recapitulates key neuropathological changes along with motor and cognitive decline

1. Alison R Weiss
2. William A Liguore
3. Kristin Brandon
4. Xiaojie Wang
5. Zheng Liu
6. Jacqueline S Domire
7. Dana Button
8. Sathya Srinivasan
9. Christopher D Kroenke
10. Jodi L McBride

• Curated by eLife

  Evaluation Summary:

  The authors show the utility of an AAV-based approach in non-human primates to develop an improved model of Huntington's disease. They have presented a very thorough, carefully executed, body of work that will be of benefit to a range of researchers studying HD or developing therapies for HD. While this extends the work from an earlier paper (that presented the tools used to induce phenotypes) the results presented are new, relevant, and important to the community.

  (This preprint has been reviewed by eLife. We include the public reviews from the reviewers here; the authors also receive private feedback with suggested changes to the manuscript. The reviewers remained anonymous to the authors.)

Reviewed by eLife