Neuroscience

A model of hippocampal replay driven by experience and environmental structure facilitates spatial learning

1. Nicolas Diekmann
2. Sen Cheng

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This paper proposes a new computational model for replay that is biologically realistic and accounts for a number of important phenomena in hippocampal replay. This is an important study with implications for multiple subfields. Whilst the majority of claims are convincingly supported by the data, simulation analyses for some crucial aspects of replay literature are currently incomplete.

Reviewed by eLife

Retinal microvascular and neuronal pathologies probed in vivo by adaptive optical two-photon fluorescence microscopy

1. Qinrong Zhang
2. Yuhan Yang
3. Kevin J Cao
4. Wei Chen
5. Santosh Paidi
6. Chun-hong Xia
7. Richard H Kramer
8. Xiaohua Gong
9. Na Ji

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  The authors developed a two-photon fluorescence microscope coupled with adaptive optics (AO-2PFM), allowing in vivo imaging of the mouse retinal structure and function. This new imaging system will be important for exploring normal retinal physiology and pathological alterations in retinal disease models.

Reviewed by eLife

The landscape of m1A modification and its posttranscriptional regulatory functions in primary neurons

1. Chi Zhang
2. Xianfu Yi
3. Mengfan Hou
4. Qingyang Li
5. Xueying Li
6. Lu Lu
7. Enlin Qi
8. Mingxin Wu
9. Lin Qi
10. Huan Jian
11. Zhangyang Qi
12. Yigang Lv
13. Xiaohong Kong
14. Mingjun Bi
15. Shiqing Feng
16. Hengxing Zhou

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This study presents a valuable finding on the critical features and patterns of m1A modification and in neurons and OGD/R-treated neurons. Moreover, the authors identified m1A modifications on different RNAs and explored the possible effects of m1A modification on the functions of different RNAs via an integrated approach of omics and bioinformatics. The evidence supporting the claims of the authors is solid, although inclusion of more in-depth studies to analyze the transcription factors for the upstream regulation would have strengthened the study. The work will be of interest to neurobiologist and scientists in the field of RNAs.

Reviewed by eLife

Glia-neuron coupling via a bipartite sialylation pathway promotes neural transmission and stress tolerance in Drosophila

1. Hilary Scott
2. Boris Novikov
3. Berrak Ugur
4. Brooke Allen
5. Ilya Mertsalov
6. Pedro Monagas-Valentin
7. Melissa Koff
8. Sarah Baas Robinson
9. Kazuhiro Aoki
10. Raisa Veizaj
11. Dirk J Lefeber
12. Michael Tiemeyer
13. Hugo Bellen
14. Vladislav Panin

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  Scott et al use Drosophila as a model to study the sialylation pathway and its role in nervous system function. Surprisingly, they find that the critical substrate for sialylation, CMP-Neu5Ac, is 'outsourced' to glia. This significant study presents a new twist in mechanisms underlying protein glycosylation and uncovers a new layer in the complex interplay of neurons and glia.

Reviewed by eLife

Monash DaCRA fPET-fMRI: A dataset for comparison of radiotracer administration for high temporal resolution functional FDG-PET

1. Sharna D Jamadar
2. Emma X Liang
3. Shenjun Zhong
4. Phillip G D Ward
5. Alexandra Carey
6. Richard McIntyre
7. Zhaolin Chen
8. Gary F Egan

Reviewed by GigaScience

Opioid suppression of an excitatory pontomedullary respiratory circuit by convergent mechanisms

1. Jordan T Bateman
2. Erica S Levitt

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  Opioid-induced respiratory depression is one of the side effects of opioid drugs. Although opioid overdose deaths are highly prevalent, our knowledge of the neural circuits underlying respiratory depression in the brainstem is far from complete. The present study used a variety of sophisticated experimental techniques to convincingly reveal the identity of brainstem components that are part of the neural circuits involved in the mediation of opioid respiratory effects, together with defining potential synaptic underlying mechanisms. They focused on two regions of the brainstem, namely the Kolliker-Fuse and the preBötzinger Complex, and proposed a combination of three complementary processes at pre- and post-synaptic sites in both KF and preBötC regions to explain respiratory depression linked to opioid exposure. This study provides very important findings on the circuitry involved in opioid-induced respiratory depression, and the present results are of broad interest to the respiratory control research community, as well as medically relevant.

Reviewed by eLife

A stable, distributed code for cue value in mouse cortex during reward learning

1. David J Ottenheimer
2. Madelyn M Hjort
3. Anna J Bowen
4. Nicholas A Steinmetz
5. Garret D Stuber

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This study makes valuable observations about the representation of "value" in the mouse brain, by using a nice task design and recording from an impressive number of brain regions. The combination of state-of-the-art imaging and electrophysiology data offer solid support for the authors' conclusions. The paper will be of interest to a broad audience of neuroscientists interested in reward processing in the brain.

Reviewed by eLife

Neural population dynamics of computing with synaptic modulations

1. Kyle Aitken
2. Stefan Mihalas

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This is a valuable study showing that fast, but transient, modifications of the synaptic efficacies, alone, can support the integration of information over time. Convincing supportive evidence is provided by showing that feed-forward networks, when equipped with such short-term synaptic modulations, can successfully perform a variety of temporal integration tasks at a performance level comparable with that of recurrent networks. These results will be of interest to both neuroscientists and researchers in machine learning.

Reviewed by eLife

FUS regulates RAN translation through modulating the G-quadruplex structure of GGGGCC repeat RNA in C9orf72-linked ALS/FTD

1. Yuzo Fujino
2. Morio Ueyama
3. Taro Ishiguro
4. Daisaku Ozawa
5. Hayato Ito
6. Toshihiko Sugiki
7. Asako Murata
8. Akira Ishiguro
9. Tania Gendron
10. Kohji Mori
11. Eiichi Tokuda
12. Tomoya Taminato
13. Takuya Konno
14. Akihide Koyama
15. Yuya Kawabe
16. Toshihide Takeuchi
17. Yoshiaki Furukawa
18. Toshimichi Fujiwara
19. Manabu Ikeda
20. Toshiki Mizuno
21. Hideki Mochizuki
22. Hidehiro Mizusawa
23. Keiji Wada
24. Kinya Ishikawa
25. Osamu Onodera
26. Kazuhiko Nakatani
27. Leonard Petrucelli
28. Hideki Taguchi
29. Yoshitaka Nagai

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This important study demonstrates that the human FUS protein, which is implicated in ALS and related conditions, interacts with RNAs containing GGGGCC repeats and can regulate their translation by altering three-dimensional structures caused by these repeats. The study is carefully executed and the data provide convincing evidence for its major claims. This work will likely be of interest to researchers studying RNA binding proteins, and to those working on ALS and related diseases.

Reviewed by eLife

Selective transduction and photoinhibition of pre-Bötzinger complex neurons that project to the facial nucleus in rats affects nasofacial activity

1. Mariana R Melo
2. Alexander D Wykes
3. Angela A Connelly
4. Jaspreet K Bassi
5. Shane D Cheung
6. Stuart J McDougall
7. Clément Menuet
8. Ross AD Bathgate
9. Andrew M Allen

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This important study advances our understanding of the composition and circuit organization of the preBötzinger complex (preBötC)-the brainstem region that generates the respiratory rhythm and coordinates breathing with different motor and physiological behaviors in mammals. The reviewers agreed that the evidence supporting the conclusion that the preBötC is composed of a segregated subgroup of output neurons that modulates orofacial muscle activity is compelling and based on technically elegant, state-of-the-art combinatorial dual viral transgenic and optogenetic approaches in rats. After the cytoarchitectonic analyses are strengthened, the work will be of interest to neuroscientists and physiologists working on the neural control of breathing and other motor systems.

Reviewed by eLife