Neuroscience

Optical measurement of glutamate release robustly reports short-term plasticity at a fast central synapse

1. Paul Jakob Habakuk Hain
2. Tobias Moser

Reviewed by Review Commons

Early-life experience reorganizes neuromodulatory regulation of stage-specific behavioral responses and individuality dimensions during development

1. Reemy Ali Nasser
2. Yuval Harel
3. Shay Stern

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  Early life stress can have profound effects on animal behavior, including potential influences on individuality. In this valuable work, the authors use a rich new dataset to solidly demonstrate that the behavioral consequences of early life stress in C. elegans can be buffered by neuromodulators previously implicated in patterns of individuality. While much remains to be learned about the mechanisms by which stress might influence individuality, these studies provide an important entry point that will be of interest to neurobiologists studying interactions between behavior, neuromodulation, stress, and individuality.

Reviewed by eLife

Response outcome gates the effect of spontaneous cortical state fluctuations on perceptual decisions

1. Davide Reato
2. Raphael Steinfeld
3. André Tacão-Monteiro
4. Alfonso Renart

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  Reao et al. investigate a question that has long puzzled neuroscientists: what features of ongoing brain activity predict trial-to-trial variability in responding to the same sensory stimuli? The data demonstrate that the outcome of the previous trial, specifically a miss, allows these associations to be seen - while a correct response appears less likely to do so. and this is a valuable advance in our understanding of the relationship between brain state, behavioral state, and performance. Technically, the study is solid, ie, the methods, data and analyses broadly support the claims, with some weaknesses remaining.

Reviewed by eLife

Senescent Schwann cells induced by aging and chronic denervation impair axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury

1. Andrés Fuentes-Flores
2. Cristian Geronimo-Olvera
3. David Ñecuñir
4. Sandip Kumar Patel
5. Joanna Bons
6. Megan C. Wright
7. Daniel Geschwind
8. Ahmet Hoke
9. Jose A. Gomez-Sanchez
10. Birgit Schilling
11. Judith Campisi
12. Felipe A. Court

Reviewed by Review Commons

Intermediate gray matter interneurons in the lumbar spinal cord play a critical and necessary role in coordinated locomotion

1. Naëmi Kuehn
2. Andreas Schwarz
3. Carlo Antonio Beretta
4. Yvonne Schwarte
5. Francesca Schmitt
6. Melanie Motsch
7. Norbert Weidner
8. Radhika Puttagunta

Reviewed by Review Commons

Cytoarchitectonic, receptor distribution and functional connectivity analyses of the macaque frontal lobe

1. Lucija Rapan
2. Sean Froudist-Walsh
3. Meiqi Niu
4. Ting Xu
5. Ling Zhao
6. Thomas Funck
7. Xiao-Jing Wang
8. Katrin Amunts
9. Nicola Palomero-Gallagher

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  Rapan et al. report a new multi-modal parcellation of the macaque frontal cortex based on cytoarchitectural division complemented with functional connectivity and neurochemical data. This builds on prior highly influential maps that subdivide the cortex based on anatomical fingerprints, both confirming these prior reports and defining new subdivisions. As such, this is a fundamental contribution with compelling results that can guide future neuroscientific research into the function of the frontal lobes.

Reviewed by eLife

Accumbens cholinergic interneurons dynamically promote dopamine release and enable motivation

1. Ali Mohebi
2. Val L Collins
3. Joshua D Berke

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This study by Mohebi, Collins, and Berke presents valuable findings on the control of the neurotransmitter dopamine by cholinergic interneurons, a sparse but important subclass of neurons with the ventral striatum, a key brain region involved in motivational behaviors. The evidence supporting the claims of the authors is solid, although the inclusion of a key experiment presenting causality between cholinergic neuron activity and dopamine release during behavior is needed. The work will be of broad interest to neuroscientists in the fields of motivation and decision-making.

Reviewed by eLife

Two conserved vocal central pattern generators broadly tuned for fast and slow rates generate species-specific vocalizations in Xenopus clawed frogs

1. Ayako Yamaguchi
2. Manon Peltier

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This important paper compares the neural basis for different calling songs in five species of clawed Xenopus frogs using neural activity recordings combined with lesions of pathways and stimulation of specific parts of the circuit. The evidence supporting the claims is mostly solid but in part incomplete. The work will be of broad interest to neurophysiologists beyond the vocalization topic.

Reviewed by eLife

Task-evoked metabolic demands of the posteromedial default mode network are shaped by dorsal attention and frontoparietal control networks

1. Godber M Godbersen
2. Sebastian Klug
3. Wolfgang Wadsak
4. Verena Pichler
5. Julia Raitanen
6. Anna Rieckmann
7. Lars Stiernman
8. Luca Cocchi
9. Michael Breakspear
10. Marcus Hacker
11. Rupert Lanzenberger
12. Andreas Hahn

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This important study advances our understanding of the metabolic and hemodynamic underpinnings of different brain networks. The evidence is convincing, drawn from multiple datasets and including simultaneous fMRI and PET, although the authors should make clear which claims are supported by their evidence and which are speculation based on the literature. The study will be of interest to neuroscientists and researchers who use functional neuroimaging tools to study brain activity.

Reviewed by eLife

Using light and X-ray scattering to untangle complex neuronal orientations and validate diffusion MRI

1. Miriam Menzel
2. David Gräßel
3. Ivan Rajkovic
4. Michael M Zeineh
5. Marios Georgiadis

• Curated by eLife

  eLife assessment

  This paper presents a valuable cross-validation study of mesoscopic measurements of axonal orientations from three different modalities: x-ray tomography, scattered light imaging, and diffusion MRI. The authors show convincing similarities and differences in fibre orientations from all three methods over partial ex vivo brain samples, though as only a single diffusion method is investigated, there is inadequate evidence to support conclusions about diffusion MRI reconstruction methods in general. As a first example of work comparing these three modalities, it is of interest to researchers who want to apply x-ray tomography or scattered light imaging to image the white matter ex vivo or use these methods for future validation of diffusion MRI methods.

Reviewed by eLife